The Lewis And Clark Expedition :: essays research papers

American history is accompanied by a long list of explorers who first discovered and who explored the huge continent. All of the explorers had an impact on the development of America. The Lewis and Clark expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, stands prominently at the top part of this list. The Lewis and Clark Expedition has had a evidential political, social, and economic effect on America. They were the first to map out the west and set off westward expansion. Without the success of the expedition growth of America would switch taken five times as long, as predicted by Thomas Jefferson.The Expedition had a drastic political effect on The United States of America. The scope in which the expedition was to explore was very close along Spanish territory and a portion of the expedition was in Spanish territory. The Spanish political relation was very uneasy with the Corps advancing towards them because they thought The United States was attacking them. They dispatched a small group to intercept the Corps however they nearly mixed-up them. Another political impact was the now issue of Indian relations. America just acquired a dandy deal of land that was formerly owned by Indians and they now had to explain to them that the land was no longer theirs and that they were now a part of the United States. Indian relations would be fine until they were forced to work off their land. The United States had to set up a new branch of government just for Indian relations. Previous to the expedition there were only littler issues of dealing with Indians.The Exploration of the west could have had the greatest economical impact on the United States ever. After the west had now been explored they realized they had a great deal of land that now had to be settled. The land was so vast and so cheap that it was sold for very low prices and sometimes just stipulation away. This caused a huge surge of people to begin flowing west and sparked westward expansion. Peo ple began setting up farms and more and more people had opportunities to confuse a good living. Also people now had the chance to look for gold out west and the Gold Rush began. This is when America really had its boom. in conclusion we now had twice as much if not more natural resources than we had before.

If This World Were Mine, by E. Lynn Harris :: Essays Papers

If This World Were Mine, by E. Lynn HarrisIn the hilarious just keepin it real style novel, If This World Were Mine, by E. Lynn Harris, a group of friends decide to start a journal bludgeon, like they did back in their college English class. This story is told by each and all takes impersonate in the 90s around the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays.Sometimes it is easier to put your thoughts on paper rather than express them out loud. A group of college friends decides to restart their journal club called, If This World Were Mine. The group includes Yolanda, single, independent, and not looking for a man. She was once married, but her husband wanted to travel, while she was ready to be stable. Then theres Dr. Leland Thompson, gay and single. Riley Woodson, the epidimy of beauty. Shes married to her college sweetheart Selwyn, who is also a atom of the journal club, and they induce a set of twins, Ryan and Reginald. Dwight Leon Scott is also a member he is divorced and mad at t he world. He was married to Kelli, a former member of the group. She left because Dwight wouldnt. The group has monthly encounters where they eat, drink, and read and discuss their journals. individually member of the group always brings something to read to the meeting, but they never read what is really going on in their lives. They all feel like they have to impress the other members, which defeats the whole purpose of the journal club. The climax of the story begins when Lelands client, Taylor Wilson called and asked to have an emergency meeting. After Lelands secretary scheduled the meeting and Taylor made it to the office, he began to tell Leland what was going on. At the same time Yolanda was in New York handling some business and also visiting John, her in the raw guy friend. One day she went to Johns apartment on surprise and got a bigger surprise than she expected. While back in Chicago, Taylor was belt up talking with Leland about the man he saw that he had met ba ck in the days when he was a family court judge. They had an affair and caused him to divorce his married woman and leave his kids and career. Taylor told Leland about the mans gray eyes which made Leland think about Yolandas new guy friend.

Ice Hockey Vs. Roller Hockey Essay -- essays research papers

Despite the fact that grump hockey and tumbler hockey both have the word hockey in common, there ar extreme differences between the two sports. There are the obvious differences like one being played on ice and the otherwise on a plastic surface, but many an(prenominal) of the differences are only noticed by people that have played both sports.As everyone knows, ice hockey is played on ice, which makes it an extremely high paced game. Unlike ice hockey, Roller hockey is played on a plastic floor that consists of many six-inch by six-inch tiles. The plastic floor makes roller hockey a such(prenominal) slower paced game than ice hockey. The reason that roller hockey is so much slower than ice hockey is because there is more friction. The friction is produced in the bearings of the wheels as well as between the floor and the wheels. Turning, stopping, and making lateral movements are extremely easy to do on ice, but roller hockey is completely different. In roller hockey there is no such amour as making a tight turn or stopping on a dime, because the wheels just slide out from underneath the player. The stopping proficiency for roller hockey is basically the same as ice hockey, but the player slides a little before coming to a complete halt. If a player happens to fall in ice hockey he or she just slides along the ice and most of the time it doesnt hurt, but in roller hockey if a player falls on the plastic floor, it is going to hurt. When players in roller hockey fall, they do not slide, it is more of a...

Milton Friedmans Economic Theories Essays -- Economics

History and BackgroundBefore the introduction of Keynesian economics and Milton Friedmans Monetarism theory, there was classical economics. These economists believed in self-adjusting foodstuff mechanisms, however with that the market require perfect competition. Wages and prices in the market must be flexible. These economists believe that supply and demand pulls would always help the economy reach full usance. amply employment could be achieved by the market forces and with that changes the level of employment resulting in a fixed income and aggregate output. They believed that fixed income was a result of full employment and the price level was established by the supply of money in the economy. Since classical economist believed that it was the market that leads to full employment in the economy, they supposition the market could do without any government intervention. Government disbursement and taxes cause overall harm to economy because it would decrease individual spendi ng and private consumption. Raising taxes on private consumption would only help fund public consumption and pay for government spending. Classical economists theory of monetary constitution was thought to only affect prices and wouldnt affect truly important factors such as employment. It was a major concern that if the government was to finance its spending only by increasing how much money was produced then it would have the same out come as expansionary monetary policy. Classical economists found that their received theories were problematic when the Great Depression hit the United States. They originally argued that the market was self-adjusting so with no government intervention they thought it would automatically correct itself. They thought tha... ...//www.econtalk.org/archives/2010/02/phelps_on_unemp.html3. Kevin D. Hoover. Phillips Curve. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved May 25, 2010 from the World huge Web http/ /www.econlib.org/library/Enc/PhillipsCurve.html4. Krugman, P. (2007, February 15). Who was Milton Friedman. Retrieved May 22, 2010, from http//www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2007/feb/15/who-was-milton-friedman/?pagination= fabricated5. Friedman, M., & Schwartz, A. (1963). A Monetary History of the United States 1865-1960. National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved April 21, 2010, from GoogleBooks6. Alan S. Blinder. Keynesian Economics. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved May 28, 2010 from the World Wide Web http//www.econlib.org/library/Enc/KeynesianEconomics.html

Dual Narration in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay examples --

Dual Narration in Heart of injustice Joseph Conrads novella Heart of Darkness not only dwells on interesting and thought provoking issues that relate to society today, it is also told in an interesting manner in the form of a story within a story. This serves not only to show increased levels of mental development from all parties involved, that is Marlow, the frame narrator and the reader - but distances Conrad from the text in such a way that he can promote revolutionary issues without necessarilty being attached to them. The character of Marlow does just this - he is far from neutral and is employed by Conrad to position the reader by offering a double-dose of psychological development from Marlow, and the framed narrator. Perhaps the best way to hollow Marlows involvement is through an taking into custody of his journey through the four thematic stages of his travels. These are the darkness of the river which surrounds him (the Thames), the darkness within Kurtz, and with t he city of Brussels, the impeniterable darkness within the Congo, and the darkness present within all(prenominal) individual. Through these aspects of the novella can we as readers comprehend the true value of Marlows character. Initially, Marlow and his audience find themselves within the picturesque setting of the river thames in London. The frame narrators explanation of such a scene (paralleled to his final description) offer some of the only comment he gives throughout the novel. This is especially important for we as readersare able to comprehend his psychological journey (if not the other men in the boat) forwards, an enlightened state similar of that to Marlow. A buddah preaching in European clothes. more or less noteable however is the phenomin... ...rlow, and the frame narrators position as commentator, their journies - both physical and psychological, position the reader to such an extent that possibilities become infinitely clearer. The darkness evident initially, i ncluding the overpowered Kurtz and the sadness encompassing the stark nature of man underneath ornaments and rags are all portrayed in such scenes by the narrators. Futhermore Conrad envisages the reader being successfully positioned - recognising their receive true heart of darkness - and that of the materialistic, possession driven civilisation they live in. Bibliography Conrad, J. (1995). Heart of Darkness. London Penguin Group. Kingsley, Widmer. Dictionary of Literary Biography British Novelists 1890-1929. Tulsa 1984 Hayes, Dorsha. Heart of Darkness An Aspect of the Shadow, Spring (1956)

Essay --

1.Guided pearl regeneration (GBR)The concept of GBR was described first in 1959 when carrell-occlusive membranes were employed for spinal fusions 105.The terms guided bone regeneration and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) often atomic number 18 used synonymously and rather inappropriately. GTR deals with the regeneration of the supporting periodontal apparatus, including cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, whereas GBR refers to the promotional material of bone formation alone. GBR and GTR are based on the same principles that use barrier membranes for space maintenance over a defect, promoting the ingrowth of osteogenic cells and preventing migration of undesired cells from the overlying daft tissues into the wound. Protection of a blood clot in the defect and exclusion of gingival connective tissue and provision of a secluded space into which osteogenic cell from the bone can migrate are essential for a successful outcome. The sequence of bone healing is not only affected by assault of non-osteogenic tissue, but more so by the defect size and morphology. A predictable intraoral GBR approach was developed in the late 1980s and early nineties 108-110 (bone augmentation techniques 2007)The survival rates of implants placed in augmented sites with GBR are reported in many publications, survival rates range from 91.7 to 100%. However, there are few data about the success rate of dental implants placed in those areas, according to universally established criteria. This may represent a gear up in evaluating the reliability of the GBR technique, because a high implant survival rate may not correspond to a high GBR success rate front in mind that an implant can remain stable and osseointegrated even if the total amount of regenerated tissue ... ...nd limitations must also be being considered. some(prenominal) authors have reported partial relapse of the gained bone. More studies are needed to assess the implant survival in the bone gained by D O versus some other augmentation methods, including new bone substitutes and augmentation factors. (Alveolar ridge augmentation for implant fixation status review zakhary 2012). Determination of what technique should be used, is largely surgeon preference and on the boundary of the defect and specific procedures to be performed for the implant reconstruction. It is most appropriate to use an evidenced-based approach when a treatment plan is being developed for bone augmentation cases. (Bone augmentation techniques. 2007)(Clinical outcomes of upended bone augmentation to enable dental implant placement a systematic review.2008) (Bone Grafting the Mandible Patrick J. Louis, DDS, MD 2011)

Advantages of Monopoly Essay

Monopolies do not always lead to increased prices, lower outputs and welf atomic number 18 losses. In fact, monopolies nooky often lead to increases in societys welfare as large monopolists benefit from economies of scale in production and distribution. These falls in be can often be passed on to consumers in the form of lower priced products. We entrust now discuss briefly some of the potential advantages of monopolistic market structures. Lower production costs and increased welfareUnder monopoly, greater output and standardization can lead to lower costs. This can lead to economies of scale and scope, which can be passed on to consumers in the form of lower priced products. Natural monopoliesIt could be argued that some industries are more efficiently organized as monopolies. Industries such as water, gas, electricity and communication theory are often referred to as natural monopolies. A natural monopoly arises when the ratio of the minimum efficient scale to industry size is so large that industries can only support one efficient degraded. In natural monopolies, fixed costs form a large part of total costs.If the monopoly is in toffee-nosed hands, the monopolist maximizes profits where marginal costs equal marginal revenues, and produces at output level and charges price. The monopolist makes excess profits equal to the shaded area. If the firm were compel to charge a price that would prevail under competition, it would set price equal to marginal costs and produce at output level. For example, suppose we take a water company that supplies a certain part of the country through a network of pipes. It would be inefficient for a new firm to enter the market, set up its own system of pipes and then start supplying a segment of the market. This is because the level of output the firm produces would yield meager revenue to cover total costs. This competition would therefore lead to wasteful duplication (and competition) of systems. Technical progressLar ge monopoly profits may be use to finance research and development programmes. Monopoly profits are the reward for successful innovations. These innovations bring welfare gains to society in the form of new products and processes. Furthermore, these monopoly profits will not persist as there will eventually be entry by imitators or patents will lapse, which will eventually dissipate these profits. These assertions arrest been tested empirically for manufacturing and service industries in a number of countries. Avoids wasteful forms of competitionMonopolies may avoid wasteful forms of competition such as advertising, which are prevalent features of many oligopolistic market structures. Given that monopolists to some extent have a captive market, there is little incentive for monopolies to advertise. In addition, monopolists may in any case generate a degree of price stability. They may be expert in accurately gauging the level of demand and supply. A monopolist may besides be bett er placed to endure any downturn in the business cycle.Referencehttp//classof1.com/homework-help/economics-homework-help/

Problems and Solutions Internet Addiction.

PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS INTERNET ADDICTION. A long with the development of society is the development of scientific and technical, including the development and popularity of the internet. Beside the undeniable benefit is the tremendous impact that the internet bring. With more or less teens and adolescents, there is a thin line between casual Internet use and addiction. The first cause make person is addicted to the Internet is the familys management. From that, they have much succession to spend to do something on the Internet.Initially, you only use Internet when you have spare epoch. Gradually, you spend more and more time on it. And you are addicted. Internet addiction brings a lot of bad effects. When you use too much time to use the Internet, you lost your valuable time to do other things. We can see that the first harm is waste of time. Every time when someone require you shut down or erupt internet you will say just for minutes, right? Second, it is bad influence on your health. If you use it for along time, day to day you will fatigue, your caput will be damaged.And your studying? Of course it will decline, too. It leads to damage your eyes, west your money, neglected education It terrible And then, it is internet addiction that the risk of your health or education and more other thing being negatively impacted by internet addiction need to stop immediately. For those reasons, we have to have a using internet timetable reasonablely. Especially, we should go outside and do more something useful. When we attend outside activities, you will not enough time to online.

Commenting on “Thomas of Monmouth: Detector of Ritual Murder” Gavin I. Langmuir wrote “Thomas of Monmouth: Detector of Ritual Murder”

Commenting on doubting Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder Gavin I. Langmuir wrote Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, which was published in Speculums October 1984 issue. In this article Langmuir addresses Thomas of Monmouths investigation of St. William of Norwichs conclusion, and accusations of ritual murder brought against Jews. Langmuir starts the article with well-nigh background information on The Life and Passion of Saint William the Martyr of Norwich, written by Thomas of Monmouth.He then makes his thesis statement Williamss death had occasioned the first of the committed series of accusations from the twelfth to twentieth century that Jews committed ritual murder. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 821) Langmuirs argument is that Thomas of Monmouths book is the modern inception of the myth that Jews commit ritual murder to reenact the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Since the accusation of ritual murder was too prove in antiquity, Langmuir attempts to prove disconnect amidst Norwich and those prior myths.He also goes into detail about Williams murder, then Monmouths investigation and writings. He convincingly argues that Monmouth had look at to gain both in this world and the next by reporting Williams killing as a ritual murder preformed by Jews. entirely when stated, Monmouth saw what he wanted to while investigating the crime. Langmuir uses a broad range of sources in his attempt to prove that the accusation at Norwich was not connected to the two accusations in antiquity. In this attempt he most frequently cites two models by Heinz Schreckenberg. He also cites over ten another(prenominal) authors while bringing this point home.On the other hand Langmuirs argument of Monmouths motivation for creating the myth burrows deeply into a limited body of material, broadly speaking Monmouths book itself. He also uses two other sources when discussing Theobald, and besides cites Miracles and Pilgrims by Fi nucane other than that. In the middle ages people saw Satan as an active force in the world. St. Gregory of Nyssa said when speaking of the Jews, that they were confederates of the devil. (Perry & Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 75) Chrysostom called Jews inveterate murders, destroyers, men possessed by the devil. (Perry & Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 75) John (844) states in regard to Jews You are of your flummox the devil, and your will is to do your fathers desires. (Perry & Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 75)Not only were the people of the middle ages on the lookout for the devil, but their church was telling them that Jews were acting as his agents. This preen up Jews as an easy scapegoat, and allowed for the creation of the ritual murder myth. In the case of William, Monmouth who was a monk had been predisposed to the notion that Jews were evil. In the gospels rendition as interpreted for centuries, the Jews are perceived as the Christ killers, a people condemned for ever to suffer exil e and degradation. This arch crime of decide, of murdering God, turned the Jews into the material body of evil, a criminal people. (Perry & Schweitzer, Antisemitism, 18)With this view it only makes sense that Monmouth would look to blame Jews for the boys murder, when murdering a boy is exactly something an evil criminal would do. It also makes sense that at the first sign of anything pull down resembling a crucifixion he would point to Jews, because according to the gospels they had done it before.In 1095 Pope Urban II began the first crusade when he called for a religious military crusade to liberate the holiest places in Christendom. (Laquer, The Changing Face of Antisemitism, 52) Many Jews were slaughtered during this crusade for various reasons. 1 reason was that the crusaders were told anyone who killed a single Jew would subscribe to all his sins absolved. (Laquer, The Changing Face of Antisemitism, 52) Authority figures were telling people that Jews are so evil that n ot only is murdering them OK, but it will even make up for anything wrong they had ever done.This was only fifty years before the incident at Norwich. With that mentality is only serves to reason that when the ordinary unnamed people were presented with Jews as ritual murders, it would be believable to them. In the Article on the top of page 822 Langmuir asks who first incriminate Jews of crucifying a Christian child out of religious hatred? Langmuir argues that thither is not enough evidence to prove who killed William, or why. He does think there is enough evidence to establish that the enduring accusation of ritual murder began with Williams death. We know for certain that Monmouth accused Jews of ritual murder.Langmuir then works backwards from that point to prove that it was the first modern accusation of its kind. Langmuir starts with the first known accusation of ritual murder in recorded history. He discusses how in ancient Greece a story circulated that said every seven y ears the Jews captured a Greek, fattened him up, killed him, and ate parts of him. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 823) He goes on to say that while the story did wait in Against Apion, the book was rare. He details why the book was rare, and does his best to prove a complete discontinuity between this accusation and Monmouths.Langmuir then writes about The second and only other relevant accusation against Jews in antiquity. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 825) He tells the story of how in approximately the year 415, in the city of Imestar, Jews were accused of taking a Christian boy, tying him to a cross, and beating him until he died. Langmuir argues that while the story did appear in Historia Tripartita only two copies were available in England, and that those copies date from the late twelfth or early thirteenth century, after the incident at Norwich.He also argues that those who borrowed from Historia Tripartia did so sparing ly and most selectively, and the Imestar incident did not interest them. Again Langmuir proves disconnect between the two incidents. Assuming that these are the only two accusations ever made prior to Norwich, then yes Langmuir answers the Question from the top of page 822. In this article Langmuirs argument is persuasively supported, but he does not discuss the possibility of ritual murder stories being passed down orally. He also did not look at the possibility of books containing ritual murder accusations that may have been lost to history.For all we know Monmouth may have had a book that no longer exists detailing the accusations from antiquity or accusations we dont even know about. He is probably right in his conclusion that the incident at Norwich is the first modern accusation brought against Jews, but we cannot be sure. At clock Langmuir calls into question other historians work, and makes convincing arguments as to why he thinks there wrong. He wrote referring to M. R. J ames belief that Monmouths book was written in 1172 or 1173 there are several indications that the work was not all written at one time. (Langmuir, Thomas of Monmouth Detector of Ritual Murder, 838) Langmuir did address other historians work on the subject, but sense he was the first person to propose that this was the first modern accusation of ritual murder, there were no other competing theories. I found this article to be very well organized, it laid out information in way that made it easy to understand. I really view it was a good read, and enjoyed reading it. Langmuir was both interesting and informative. I would recommend this article to anyone interested in this period in history.

Birdgeton Case

Memorandum To Mike Lewis From Overseas Consulting Group Date December 9th 1990 Subject Manifolds Retention vs. Outsourcing Analysis Our team of financial analysts has taken an in depth look at the consultants recommendation to potentially outsource the manifold performance line. Through our analysis you provide see that the consultants have not considered the full financial bear upon that this outsourcing would have on the comp whatsoever. This is likely because the recommendation has not taken into consideration the range of be affecting Bridgeton industries.Through our analysis it becomes clear that the decision to retain the manifold production line will be more financially beneficial to the company. We will lead off with some of the assumptions of our analysis, and the conclusions from our various analyses of Bridgeton Industries Costs. Please refer to the attached excel file for detailed analysis of the numbers. We know that Bridgeton uses an absorption costing system whic h does not slowly distinguish between fixed and vari sufficient be.The problem with that system makes it very challenging to forecast appropriately the cost of excess capacity and furthermore the impact of outsourcing the manifold production line. Therefore the reported costs are not appropriate for this type of analysis. Our team began our own analysis of the costs to evaluate the recommendation. We began by calculating gross margin for each product, by first identifying how much smash should be allocated to each category. We broke out the operating expense by exploitation Direct task (DL) as a % since most of the knock accounts are labor related.As a result, overhead allocation for each product in 1987 is the quest Fuel Tanks 17%, Manifolds 24%, Doors 11%, Muffler/Exhausts 23%, and Oil Pans 26% for 1987. Muffler/Exhausts, manifolds and Oil Pans are both labor intensive, so under this method, they bear a higher percentage of the overhead costs. Now that Bridgeton stopped p roducing Muffler/Exhausts and Oil Pans, the manifold line carries an even greater proportion of the overhead costs of 46%. Therefore, the cost per manifold goes up because of the larger share of overhead it has to absorb.Please refer to the analysis file, tab 2 for 1991 forecasts. We assumed the sales and costs for each category would increase close to the same percentage as previous year. The overhead forecast required greater detailed analysis. The question is how to foresee how much overhead would go down due to discontinuation of manifolds. In 1989, DL and direct material (DM) went down 46% and 47% respectively from the outsourcing of the separate production lines. If manifolds were to be outsourced and all DL and DM were eliminated, then we are looking at approximately 44% decrease in DL and 49% decrease in DM.We assumed for the purpose of our analysis, that the reducings in DL and DM for these two year are comparable. Thus, we applied the same percentage of overhead drop-of f in each account to the 1989 to the 1991 overhead accounts. Once we established these overhead accounts, we then analyzed how the costs are allocated across the stay lines. As you send word see in detailed spreadsheet, the most profitable product, the fuel tanks, now has to absorb 61% of the overhead cost and its gross margin is down to 33% from 43%. The doors gross margin also went south from 27% to 17%.Clearly the fixed costs, which werent removed with the outsourcing, have eroded the profitability of all of the remaining products. The consultants suggestion to outsource production is actually not a good option after all. Fix costs embedded in the cost per unit wont go away because less profitable parts are outsourced. If Bridgeton industries wants to seriously considering outsourcing the manifold line or any otherwise some significant overhead restructuring is necessary to try and reduce the fixed cost profitability dilution. Changes to cost structureAs we mentioned previously Bridgeton currently uses a whizz overhead pool for the entire plant that allocates costs based on direct labor hours. Since the production process of the various product lines vary greatly, this causes the overhead allocation to be inaccurate. The products have different levels of automation and manual work (refer to descriptions in exhibit 1). While one product line may be diligently working to reduce costs, another product line can simply reduce production and receive the same relative decrease in overhead costs.Also, the overhead percentage is calculated only once a year at budget time and is used throughout the entire copy year. With an annual calculation, there is little to no incentive for employees to continuously reduce their costs month to month. Bridgeton should recalculate the overhead percentages on a monthly nucleotide to be more accurate if possible. We recommend creating multiple overhead pools by taking the overhead cost elements and assigning them to the produc t lines that are truly control those expenses (basically link overhead to the product).Having a product specific allocation of OH expenses will allow management to have better visibility to the product cost reduction efforts of the employees. Variable Costs, Fixed Costs & Excess Capacity Ultimately the problem Bridgeton is facing is related to fixed costs due to excess capacity. Once production lines are outsourced, the remaining fixed costs in OH which are not outsourced represent the excess capacity. This is a cost problem for the company as the other products must absorb this. The two obvious solutions to this problem are to cut these costs as much as possible.Through restricting initiatives this can be make possible. The other solution would be to increase essential of existing product lines. In the case of Bridgeton industries there is a need for a strategic deepen to increase that demand. Continuing cost reduction initiatives are necessary, but a strategy to differentiate B ridgetons products through quality, reliability, service, etc. could help increase demand and furthermore reduce the impact of excess capacity costs. Additionally if new overhead pools are created, as we recommended above, management should set standards for the activity on each product line.This will help control variable costs and keep the lines accountable for their own expenses. Supplies and small tools should only be purchased as need and overtime hours should be kept to a minimum. Fixed costs are absorbed evenly by each line, but can still be reevaluated by management. For example, a fixed asset audit can be performed to ensure that all assets that are being depreciated are truly in-service. Calculate the OH Rates The 1987 overhead rate used in the study was 435% of direct labor dollar costs. Bridgetons actual rate was 437% that year.Overhead rates for the remaining years are calculated below (OH / DL) As you can see the overhead rate for 199, which would be 752% without mani folds, is severely detrimental to the company financially. Clearly the consulting firm did not factor in the fixed costs associated with production when recommending the outsourcing of the manifold production line. Our conclusion is to continue producing manifolds going forward, and to adjust our cost reporting structure to better be able to analyze future strategic shifts such as outsourcing a product line.As a company if Bridgeton does not do a better job to study the costs of the business, it will be very challenging to make the best business decisions in the long run. Calculations GM% = (Sales Direct Material Direct Labor Overhead) / Sales Product GM% = (Product Sales Product DM Product DL Product Overhead) / Product Sales Product Overhead = Dept Overhead * DL Rate for product Product Costs = Direct Material + Direct Labor + Overhead DM Rate (Direct Material / Total Direct Material) DL Rate (Direct Labor / Total Direct Labor)

Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice in the United States

Nurse Practitioners be registered hold backs who are outstandingly recognized for providing primary conduct and treating acute and chronic illness and diseases. They acquired proficient skills and experience through advance education and medical upbringing, and are authorized to serve as wellness and medical care resources and interdisciplinary consultants for diverse populations during wellness and illness. Nurse Practitioners may be generalists, like family nurse practitioners, or specialists whose areas of expertise include pediatrics, geriatrics, and psychiatry.Nurse Practitioners render a wide range of different types of preventive and clinical services as authorized by a subjects Nurse Practice Act that vary from state-to-state in which some allow independent enforce for nurse practitioners. In the United States, the state from which a nurse practitioner is practicing gives the nurse practitioners license be certified by the American Nurses Credentialing condense (ANCC ). Since the profession is regulated by the state, the extended care-giving role played by Nurse Practitioners varies. Nurse practitioners in the community may be engaged in health maintenance organizations, home health care agencies, public health departments, school or college clinics, and physicians offices, to mention a few.With increasing command for primary care services to underserved groups and communities, nurse practitioners are successfully qualified for rendering such service, being fully equipped with appropriate knowledge and training. Standards for practice developed by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (1993) provide the specific activities that a nurse practitioner can perform and govern the services granted.In general, disregardless of specialty, the image of services practiced by nurse practitioners is divided into three categories. The first category covers the assessment of health status. This includes activities such as obtaining medical and health record of an individual, performing nursing assessments, and conducting physical examination on patients. Nurse practitioners likewise perform preventive screening procedures based on the patients age and history. Such screening includes those for hearing, sight, and cancer. Identification of medical health risks and requirements is also under the setting of practice of this profession.The second category is the application of suitable diagnosing based on previous examinations and clinical findings. They execute and interpret diagnostic studies such as routine laboratory tests, EKGs and X-rays. Diagnosing, treating, evaluating, and managing minor and common and acute and inactive illness and diseases such as injuries, diabetes, and high blood pressure are being employed by nurse practitioners. Also, with proper training or with supervision, they are also allowed to perform minor surgeries and procedures and may be First Assistants in the OR.Central to the care provided by nurse practitioners are the conditions of the patients and the further effect of illness on the lives of the patients and the patients relatives. Thus, supportive counseling and educating patients regarding their health behaviors stressing out health promotion and citing preventive measures on illness and diseases are also under the practice of nurse practitioners. Providing prenatal care, conducting well- tyke screenings and immunizations, prescribing rehabilitation treatments and medications, though limited in some states, are also being practiced. All of these fall under the third category and can be summarized as the management of the case.This further identifies the needs of individual, family or community the assessment and interpretation of data collected. Evaluation and execution of plan of care are also being stressed in the practice of such profession. Nurse practitioners also establish collaborative working relationship with physicians to provide comprehensive care and reboot patients to other health professionals as needed to meet the appropriate health and medical goals.Nurse practitioners with specialization may include other specific activities in their scope of practice in line with their acquired specialty to further serve the target population. For pedriatric nurse practitioner, for instance, one may include the analysis of factors that may affect the childs growth and development. Studies relating to abnormal and normal development in relation to anatomical, physiological, motor, cognitive, and social behavior of the child may be included in his scope of practice. Womens health care nurse practitioner may perform fertility counseling and infertility management and may also give prescription(prenominal) and management of birth control pills and diaphragms or provide family planning services.To further improve the scope of practice, there are nurse practitioners that take advance training for certain clinical procedures. These procedures which ca n be accomplished by nurse practitioners with effective training which depends on previous experience and practice limitations of individual state Nurse Practice Acts.The continuing progress to cope with changing health care needs of the society is the responsibility of the nurse practitioners. They unite the role of being a care resource person, counselor and educator, researcher and administrator especially in the field of primary health care. Members of such profession are apt for the expansion and improvement of the practice of such profession and this can be achieved through involvement and active participation in professional health care organizations and their activities as they ensure that the standards on the scope of practice for nurse practitioners are maintained.ReferencesKozier B., et al. (1998). Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process and Practice.Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice. (2007). American College of Nurse Practitioners. Retr ieved 02 declination 2007 fromhttps//www.aanp.org/?pageid=3465Sherwood G. et al. (2007). Defining Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice

Country Lovers Essay

The farm children frivol together when they are small but once the white children go away to prepare they soon dont play together any more, even in the holidays. Although most of the black children get whatever discipline of schooling, they drop every year farther behind the grades passed by the white children the childish vocabulary, the childs exploration of the adventurous possibilities of dam, koppies, mealie lands and veldthere comes a period when the white children have surpassed these with the vocabulary of boarding-school and the possibilities of interschool sports matches and the kind of adventures seen at the cinema. This usefully coincides with the age of twelve or thirteen so that by the time early adolescence is reached, the black children are making, along with the bodily changes parking lot to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and baasielittle master. The stir up was Paulus Eysendyck did not seem to r ealize that Thebedi was now simply one of the crowd of farm children down at the kraal, recognizable in his sisters old clothes.The prototypical Christmas holidays subsequently he had gone to boardingschool he brought planetary house for Thebedi a painted box he had made in his wood-work class. He had to give it to her secretly because he had secret code for the separate children at the kraal. And she gave him, before he went back to school, a bracelet she had made of thin brass wire and the grey-and-white beans of the castor-oil crop his father cultivated. (When they used to play together, she was the one who had taught Paulus how to make clay oxen for their toy spans.) There was a craze, even in the platteland towns like the one where he was at school, for boys to wear elephant-hair and other bracelets beside their watch-straps his was admired, friends asked him to get similar ones for them. He said the natives made them on his fathers farm and he would try.When he was fiftee n, six feet tall, and tramping round at school dances with the girls from the sister school in the same town when he had learnt how to tease and flirt and fondle quite intimately these girls who were the daughters of prosperous farmers like his father when he had even met one who, at a wedding he had attended with his parents on a nearby farm, had let him do with her in a locked stowage what people did when they made lovewhen he was as far from his childhood as all this, he still brought home from a shop in town a red plastic belt and gilt hoop ear-rings for the black girl, Thebedi. She told her father the missus had given these to her as a reward for some work she had doneit was true she sometimes was called to help out in the farmhouse.She told the girls in the kraal that she had a sweetheart nobody knew about, far away, away on some other farm, and they giggled, and teased, and admired her. There was a boy in the kraal called Njabulo who said he wished he could have bought her a belt and ear-rings. When the farmers son was home for the holidays she wandered far from the kraal and her companions. He went for walks alone. They had not arranged this it was an urge each followed independently. He knew it was she, from a long way off. She knew that his dog would not bark at her. toss off at the dried-up river-bed where five or six years ago the children had caught a leguaan one great daya creature that combined ideally the size and ferocious aspect of the crocodile with then an interview published in Women Writers Talk (1989), edited by Olga Kenyan, Nadine Gordimer had this to say about the political evolution of southmost Africa TJhere are some extraordinary black and white people who are prepared to take a Pascalian wager on the fact that there is a way, that there must be a way. It goes be yond polarisation, it cannot happen while the situation is what it is. It can only be after the power structure has changed. only when the fact is that if whites want to go on living in South Africa, they have to change. Its not a matter of just letting blacks in white life is already dead, over. The big question is, given the kind of conditioning weve had for 300 years, is it possible to strike that down and make a common culture with the blacks?Since 1953, when she published her first novel, The Lying Days, Nadine Gordimer has been aligned with the liberal white consciousness of South Africa. She was born in the Transvaal in 1923. Her father was a shopkeeper, her take a housewife. A childhood illness kept Gordimer out of school until she was 14, by which time she was already an avid reader. By 15 she had published her first short story. It was not until she was somewhat older that she became aware of the South African political situation, and it was not until she was 30 that her first novel was published. Beginning with A human of Strangers (1958), Gordimers novels focus directly on the South African racial situation. The most famous of these works include A Guest of Honor (1970), The conservationist (1974), Burgers Daughter (1979), Julys People (1981), A Sport of Nature (1987), My Sons Story (1990), None to Accompany Me (1994), and The House Gun (1998).Gordimer has alike published 10 volumes of short stories, as well as several volumes o/non/iction. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1991. Asked by Olga Kenyan what it means to be a white South African, Gordimer responded as follows You have to shout that you support change. In my case that you support a complete revolution, if possible a peace-loving one. I use revolution in a broad sense, a complete change of the whole political organisation, from grass roots. Its not large for a white to say Right, Ill be prepared to live under black majority rule, and sit back, waiting for it to come. Yow.also have to work positively, in whatever way you can, as a human being.

 Andy Mulligan’s Novel “Trash” Essay

Andy Mulligans 2010 Novel Trash explores the vital root of poverty demonstrated by the condition Behala a trash dump, the area Gardo, Raphael and Rat call home, it appears a desparately squalid land where the most impoverished mess dig through mountains of garbage to carve out a livelihood for themselves and their families. Andy mulligan stew persuades throughout the book that status or wealth does not venture anyones resourcefulness. The boys teach us about resourcefulness and how we should never stop trying and is a key idea that strengthens this book. Raphael found a small lash bag and chose not to give it in to the police. That decision brought with it terrifying consequences. The man was shaking, and everything was spinning, and there was my blood. Soon the dumpsite boys used all of their cunning and courage to preventive ahead of their pursuers. Some other part of me begging me not to give it up maybe for Jose Angelico.It was up to Raphael, Gardo, and Ratboys who have no education, no parents, no homes, and no money to solve the mystery. Andy mulligan has written a powerful story about unimaginable poverty and the ambition that can transcend it. The mankind we are taken into in Trash was realistic and distressing at times. Especially if you think about the millions of children around the world who live in much(prenominal) conditions. The absence of money is drought in which nothing can grow. Nobody knows the value of water until they have lived in a dry place alike(p) Behala. Raphael and his friends Gardo and Jun-Jun are characters who are never sorry for themselves. They know life is tough and they get on with things, finding the positive in more things we take Andy mulligan informs us that key to success Is friendship is and teamwork.He ends the novel with the protagonist Raphael, Gardo and rat starting their new life together. In the course of the novel, they faced many challenges and their friendships grows. He shows the meaning of friendsh ip through the bond between Raphhael and Gardo throughout the book. Gardo is like a big brother to Raphael. He is strong and protective, never go away Raphaels side. The two go through everything together. Such as when Raphael is arrested, Gardo feels it too, Gardo was right with me at once, and he was talking fast, saying, What are you doing? What has he done? P. 56. This tells the reader only if how much Gardo cares about Raphael and through out the whole book Gardo continues to display his caring nature.

Report: Males

GAC013 Science II Scientific Principles Assessment 1 Scientific Investigation & Report field of study 1 Do Males and Females Have Different Abilities When Estimating Size? Student Name Tracy Cheng Student ID SHSA19818 Class5 Teacher Shawn Due Date 10. 29. 2012 Con hug drugnert Abstract2 Introduction.. 2 Methodology . 2 Results.. 3 Discussion5 Conclusion References7 Abstract This report looks to explore the topic of doing males and female persons fall in distinguishable abilities when estimating sizing. The point that males abilities to estimate size are more accurate than females is hypothesized. To prove this hypothesis, some considering(a) information from the internet and a series of related research has been investigated. After collecting the data in my study, the results of this analysis indicate that males have the more accurate abilities in size estimating than females.Introduction In the society, male and female have much diversity, which is called Sexual Dimorphism i n sociology and biology. Such differences are specifically expressed in many different areas in the life, such as morphology, ornamentation, and behavior. The purpose of this report is that analyzing some data to show the different abilities to estimate size for males and females, and trying to find what makes this hap published. Now, I would like to hypothesis the males abilities to estimate size fail than females. MethodologyFirstly, some information on the internet about males and females which kinds of people can reckon size accurately will be found. gibe to the information, cardinal males and ten females will be chose to make them estimate an features (pens, notebooks or shoes) size. For different items, the ii gender people may show different abilities in size estimating. At the end of this research, data should be collected and analyzed by charts or separate ways to compare the accuracies in size estimating for males and females. ResultsThe estimated continuance of a pen by given ten males and ten females are shown in Figure 1. The actual length of this pen is 14. 5cm, which is shown in Figure 1 (a). According to Figure 1 (b), females results include some more precise numbers, such as 13. 5cm and 14. 8cm. Furthermore, the mean comfort of the estimated length for males is 13. 2cm, and for females is 13. 82cm, which can be seen clearly that the average estimating of females is more close to the actual length than males. Figure 1 (a) the estimated length of a pen by ten males (b) the estimated length of a pen by ten females.Table 1 shows the estimated size of a pair of shoes by given ten males and ten females. The size of the shoes is European standard in this research, and actual size is 41. The mean value of the estimated size for males is 41. 7, and for females is 40. 9, and females have more accurate estimating. Males estimating Females estimating 1 44 41 2 42 40 3 42 43 4 44 40 5 43 42 6 42 38 7 40 40 41 40 9 39 42 10 40 43 Mean (rule out maximum & minimum value) 41. 7 40. 9 real(a) 41 41 Table 1 estimated size of a pair of shoes by ten males and ten females. Figure 2 reveals the area estimating for a notebook by twenty people from two genders. The actual size of the chosen notebook is 446. 25 cm2. Though calculations, the average estimated size is 438 cm2 and 359. 25 cm2 for males and females, respectively.Moreover, a same case which be found in the first research (pen length estimating) also came out. Females estimating includes more precise numbers like 454. 6, and males more likely to estimate cursory numbers, such as 400, ccc and 600. Figure 2 (a) the estimated size of a notebook by ten males (b) the estimated size of a notebook by ten females. Discussion From the first research, it can be found that female is more wide-awake and accurate (Figure 1), because females more likely to give a more specific value and shows a more exquisite heart.That can also be showed in daily life, girls always be said that do t hings much more careful than boys in most cases (Women and Men in the Classroom 1985, p. Online). For instance, when a instructor has some works for girls, in the most time the girls can finish these works quickly and better. However, in the third research, these results show that males have better estimated size than females. The researchers found that when people ask males to estimate size, the majority of them always use their hands to measure the length and ponder over for a relatively persistent time.But in the same situation, females are more likely to pay attention on the notebooks color, shape and other things rather than the size, and their reason is that they prefer to care about how lovely the notebook is. According all of these researches in the previous, females are better to estimate something which has exact norms, like shoes and diamond, and males are legal at estimating on the things which are very large and dimensional, such as the height of a grammatical cons truction and the length of a bridge.Although female is more careful, their ability in size estimating is not necessarily as good as males. Males are more logical and rational, and have better space imagination than females. another(prenominal) research from the internet proves that metastudies show a male advantage in mental rotation and assessing horizontality and verticality (Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology. 2010. ) which is why male estimated more accurate than female. Conclusion Depending on a series of researches, people have different abilities to estimate size.Males are more accurate in estimating size than females since males are relatively more rational and logical. The reason may be related to the process in humans evolutions in the history. More specifically, males always make a more leading usance in the society for a quite long time after the end of matriarchal coterie commune period. For example, many important jobs such as architects and engineers even mo st government officials are preferent for males. To sum up, I prefer to think that the ability of males in estimating size is better than females.References Catherine G. Krupnick (1985), Women and Men in the Classroom online. Available at http//isites. harvard. edu/fs/html/icb. topic58474/krupnick. html. Accessed 26 Oct 2012 Chrisler, Joan C & Donald R. McCreary (2010), Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology. Springer. online. Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Male_female_differences Accessed 26 Oct 2012 Male-Female Brain Differences online. Available at http//www. doctorhugo. org/brain4. html Accessed 26 October 2012

BLENZ Coffee case study Essay

BLENZ Company ProfileBLENZ Coffee is a Canadian chain of franchise drinking chocolate tree shops. BLENZ was founded in Vancouver in 1992, and has fuck offn to over 82 franchises in six countries. Presently the volume of locations be located in British Columbia, with 35 international wareho usings in the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, the Philippines, China and Japan. BLENZ is primarily a coffee shop, but also serves a variety of hot and cold beverages, sweetnesss, and assorted intellectual nourishment items such as wraps and sandwiches.BLENZ SWOT AnalysisStrengthsExtensive beverage menuLarge food and dessert selection compared to competitionFree Internet at 41 coffee house locationsTalented baristas (coffee-maker, waiters) woodland coffee bean and teasCanadian- experienceershipInnovative beverage developmentLarge coffee housesAlternative to brand loss leaderConsistencyWeaknessesNo clear brand directionNo clear values or missionMixed messaging, too many claimsContradictory a spirationsNo invariable communication tone, language, mannerNo consistent communication imagery, typography, designLess consistency across outlets compared to competitorsLess focused on experience unbeknown(predicate) company history and backgroundFranchisee-operatedOpportunitiesShowcase largest menu of most coffee housesIncrease awareness of keep going innovative drinksEmphasize talented and award-winning baristasCanadian owned and operated (started in Vancouver)Alternative to global coffee house chains, something different Consistent experience of a chain, with the atmosphere of a local cafe A lot of action at coffee housesThreatsCompetition from better-known coffee housesCoffee houses with better locationsCompeting coffee houses companies with higher tonicity products Competing coffee houses companies with higher sensed quality Competing coffee house companies with higher perceived status Independent coffee housesChain coffee housesInexpensive coffee housesInstant coffee or c omplimentary coffee at work or businesses Cafes with larger menu selectionStatus in middle ground between brand leader and independent cafes People making coffee and beverages at homeThere are many reasons for BLENZ Coffees success so far and this comes from their volition to have convenient locations for the Customer. Moreover, their products are of the highest quality and their service continues to bring people back.BLENZs HistoryBLENZ coffee bean opened its send-off store in February 1992 on the corner of Robson and Bute Street in Vancouver, British Columbia. The first BLENZ store was tobe a testing ground to ensure that the concept and systems were strong enough to grow and compete with other international chains. The founders of BLENZ COFFEE are Brian Noble, Sarah Moen and Geoffrey Hair, each bringing his own personal strengths and feature bringing a wealth of business experience to BLENZ COFFEE. The success of BLENZ COFFEES first store and the founders commitment to educat ion and standards made franchising a natural choice. Today BLENZ now has 61 stores in British Columbia and also operates internationally in Japan and the Philippines.BLENZs PhilosophyBLENZ COFFEE is a support retailer of hand-crafted coffees, whole leaf teas, Belgian hot chocolate and other innovative and red-hot specialty beverages. From the start, the founders of BLENZ COFFEE have always had a passion for quality. This passion is reflected in our commitment to using only regular(a), premium ingredients in their beverages. All BLENZ beverages are made in-store from only the highest quality ingredients available. It is this commitment to religious service quality beverages, prepared with care and attention by their highly trained baristas, in a cordially and contemporary environment that has fuelled BLENZ COFFEES growth from its inception.BLENZs ProductsBLENZ COFFEE are retailers of high quality whole bean coffees, beautiful whole leaf organic teas and premium Belgian chocolate beverages to mark but just a few of their product offerings. They are known as experts at authentic preparation methods and handmade beverages. They are not just purveyors of exciting and innovative beverages they also offer a fabulous selection of baked goods, breakfast, lunch and snacks, among other delicious treats to tempt Customers.BLENZ How to scent concerned by futureThey are aware of this fact which is that todays world could not be more than uncertain. Unemployment continues to rise the stock market continues to fall. BLENZ take control of the future of unemployed valuable people, with their career opportunities.BLENZ How to feel concerned by Canadians lifestyleEven in the face of economic uncertainty, consumers nevertheless demand their favourite affordable luxuries like premium coffee and tea. Canadas coffee market is a $3 Billion Dollar industry. Coffee is still the most popular beverage in Canada and present moment only to water, of all beverages consumed among a dults 25 and older. And quality teas, are also rapidly gaining in popularity. BLENZ premium coffees and teas are second to none. They give people their chance to seize the opportunity to enjoy their lifestyle and profits with a successful BLENZ COFFEE franchise.BLENZ How to combine Career Opportunities and SafetyFulfil your long held dream to own your own business, and really be the Boss without all the trial and error that goes into a revolutionary business venture. BLENZ helps you come the risks and become a leader in your local business community. BLENZ COFFEE shops are known as fun, and fast paced social environments. Theyre also a secure training ground for children to gain confidence and pride as young entrepreneurs.BLENZ The will of being everywhereBLENZ has opportunities in both established and new markets they are making available for the first time. You can develop one store. Or you may lack to be considered for an Area Development opportunity to open several stores i n a Territory. Typical stores cost range from $225,000 to $400,000, depending on store size.BLENZ Festival & Events partnerVancouver FilmFestivalFringe FestivalBLENZ & hold CruisesBLENZ & The Beat 94.5FMMatcha PhotoContest

Speech About Premarital Pregnancy

Assalamualaikum wr. Wb Good mean solar daylight Ladies and Gentleman Pregnancy is a desire of every woman. Do you agree? Why is motherliness burning(prenominal)? Is family support overly master(prenominal)? Hows the impact to economics life? Every family wants children in their life. Its natural and a biological thing. Every motherliness needs process. Knowledge about pregnancy is main(prenominal) to make us understand the process better. These days, there are so many cases about prenuptial pregnancy. In Indonesia, the number of this case is getting high in every year, especially for adolescent group. So today, I will tell you about what factors causing the antenuptial pregnancy.Whats antenuptial pregnancy in bahasa? There are so many factors causing premarital pregnancy. Can you mention it one by one? What is your reason? Okay, I will tell you. We support see it from the social aspect, health aspect, and in addition from the proficient aspect. The first is from socia l aspect. Social aspect includes social interaction with family, friends, and society. From those social interactions, interaction with family is the some classic thing. From this interaction, morality of everyone is formed. Beside that, interaction social between friends and society are also very important.If we dopet interact with people in a good way, it establishes a negative behavior. The second is health aspect. Everyone wants a healthy life. There are so many people who fall to premarital pregnancy due to lack of health, both physical and spiritual. Both of those things, affect to our psychological condition. If we cant inject care of our health, its not possible for our mental becomes weak. Deviant behavior then arises from this incident. Free sex, for example. The get going is scientific aspect. Tehcnology changes our lifestyles. Many people dont care about their surroundings which caused by technology.In Indonesia itself, technological developments is moving too fas t. But it doesnt counterbalanced by the improved quality of human resources. The presidency should make a wisdom about this technological developments. If they dont, morality of the nation will be damaged, which causes the deviant behavior. In conclusion, pregnancy requires a clear process. This one is very important to avoid ourself from the premarital pregnancy. Because of that, we need to do the social interaction in a good way with our family, friends and also society. Beside that, we should run through care of our health, both physical and spiritual.Speech About Premarital PregnancyAssalamualaikum wr. Wb Good day Ladies and Gentleman Pregnancy is a desire of every woman. Do you agree? Why is pregnancy important? Is family support also important? Hows the impact to economics life? Every family wants children in their life. Its natural and a biological thing. Every pregnancy needs process. Knowledge about pregnancy is important to make us understand the process better. These da ys, there are so many cases about premarital pregnancy. In Indonesia, the number of this case is getting high in every year, especially for adolescent group. So today, I will tell you about what factors causing the premarital pregnancy.Whats premarital pregnancy in bahasa? There are so many factors causing premarital pregnancy. Can you mention it one by one? What is your reason? Okay, I will tell you. We can see it from the social aspect, health aspect, and also from the technological aspect. The first is from social aspect. Social aspect includes social interaction with family, friends, and society. From those social interactions, interaction with family is the just about important thing. From this interaction, morality of everyone is formed. Beside that, interaction social between friends and society are also very important.If we cant interact with people in a good way, it establishes a negative behavior. The second is health aspect. Everyone wants a healthy life. There are so ma ny people who fall to premarital pregnancy due to lack of health, both physical and spiritual. Both of those things, affect to our psychological condition. If we cant remove care of our health, its not possible for our mental becomes weak. Deviant behavior then arises from this incident. Free sex, for example. The last is technological aspect. Tehcnology changes our lifestyles. Many people dont care about their surroundings which caused by technology.In Indonesia itself, technological developments is moving too fast. But it doesnt counterbalanced by the improved quality of human resources. The political relation should make a wisdom about this technological developments. If they dont, morality of the nation will be damaged, which causes the deviant behavior. In conclusion, pregnancy requires a clear process. This one is very important to avoid ourself from the premarital pregnancy. Because of that, we need to do the social interaction in a good way with our family, friends and als o society. Beside that, we should progeny care of our health, both physical and spiritual.

The Word “Ghetto”

A account books significance advise usu all in ally be traced back for hundreds of years. all over such long periods of era, raillerys become manipulated, many generation to the point where the meaning changes entirely. This is the case with the raillery ghetto. The interchange ghetto can be traced all the way back into the 1500s. This enounce has infiltrated itself into todays conjunction and finishing seamless(prenominal)ly. However the current definition of the word is far from what the original definition was. Perhaps ascribable to the connection that the word ghetto has with urban culture, the word has evolved over time to give way a more positive, less intolerant meaning.The word ghetto, which would come to be use throughout Europe to describe communities of isolated nonage groups, originated in Venice in the 1500s. According to the Oxford English Dictionary a ghetto was The quarter in a city, generally in Italy, to which the Jews were restricted (OED). In 16th century Italy, Pope Paul IV established ghettos in Venice as a ad proficient of confinement for Jews. His main goal was to gain maximum economic reward from the Jews presence dapple ensuring minimal social contact with Judaic people.In 1516, seven hundred Jews were forced to discover to one small part of Venice, then an abandoned site of a 14th-century foundry that produced cannons. This area cognise as the Geto was an old Venetian dialect for foundry from the Italian verb gettare which means to pour or to cast, while the island across from it on which waste products had been dumped became known as Il terrneo del Ghetto. The word ghetto in its bare-ass consumption did non remain long confined to the city of Venice. Generalization of the term helped the word to include all enclosed quarters of Jews in Europe.By the Popes edict, Jews remained enclosed in ghettos for devil centuries until 1797, when Napoleon and the French army invaded Italy. At that time the ghettos were di sbanded and the Jewish people who lived in them were allowed to go wherever they pleased (holocaustresearchproject). Having immigrated to raw countries, Jews tended to congregate in particular areas of a town or a city even when no longer forced to do so as did many minority groups living in a foreign country. This was a matter of choice. The Nazis eliminated the choice. Ghettoisation appeared in the countries busy by Germany during World fight II.After their 1939 invasion of Poland, Germans tried to control the sizable Jewish population by forcing Jews, and withal Gypsies, to reside in marked-off sections of towns and cities the Nazis called ghettos. Altogether the Germans created at least 1000 ghettos. The largest was in Warsaw, Poland, which was the location from where the Nazis transported more than 300,000 prisoners to death camps. The Warsaw Ghetto was also the site of the largest and to the highest degree significant Jewish uprising, and the first urban uprising in Ger man occupied Europe (holocaustresearchproject).The Germans usually marked off the oldest and most run down areas of a city for a ghetto site. Thus the word Ghetto came to be associated with cramped dilapidated housing, appalling sanitary conditions, inadequate and poor fodder quality, absence of medical supplies and facilities that were all common aspects of ghetto living. Inhabitants often died of starvation, disease and exhaustion within the ghetto. These connotations remained attached to the word ghetto even up until modern times. In America, the word changed and evolved.Today, the term ghetto applies primarily to blacks in Northern U. S. cities. duration all major immigrant groups coming into the U. S. establish their own residential areas, blacks ended up more nonintegrated then most. Scholars have argued over whether or not poverty created ghettos in America or whether the ghettos created poverty. In any event, the connotation of the word ghetto in America became associated with large-scale housing projects and inner city neighborhoods dwell by black people who suffer from harsh living conditions.Because of such harsh living conditions, these areas have become notorious for crime, drugs, and violence. Thus the connotation of the word ghetto in America has stayed true to its original usage. It is use to this day to describe grazes of racial segregation (bos. frb. org). plot the word ghetto still is associated with impoverished living environments, maybe because of gentrification the word ghetto has come to have positive get into connotations as well.For fount, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) defines the expression ghetto mythologic or ghetto fab as an ostentatious or flamboyant lifestyle or manner of dress, associated with the blame subculture and characterized as a marker of status in economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. This is a absolute example of how the way we use the word ghetto has changed dramatically over time. The wor d became part of hip-hop culture in the 1990s. It was apply in a good way for the first time.To describe someone who cute to be part of that way of life as ghetto or ghetto fab was a complement. It was something that the world had neer seen before. The creation of slang words and expressions is one of the ways that language changes over time. A group testament use a certain word and after time, it may become widely used. Then it can become a part of most peoples vocabulary. Instead of cosmos a noun with the most prejudicious connotations of poverty disease and even death, the word ghetto is currently used as an adjective to check off certain clothing, style, and even attitudes.There are certain brands of clothes that in many cases are described as ghetto. This could be because of the way they look (baggy, brightly colored) or because of the fact that the people who wear them frequently live in urban areas. The word ghetto is used for many reasons. Due to our culture and our s ociety many times the word gains negative meaning. Generalizations may cause people to believe that people from the ghetto have less honourable values than someone from out of the ghetto. However, the true definition of the word says nothing about morality.Although the word has a myriad of meanings, it is still understood in a variety of conversations (123helpme). Did the word ghetto really go from being such a negative term to such a positive one while somehow still maintaining part of its original meaning? Thats exactly what the word has done. The bridge between the two polar opposite meanings can probably be attributed to the fact that each has something to do with the city or urban areas. This is just about the most ameliorated a word could ever get.After a few centuries of word evolution, the word ghetto has become part of our culture in a positive way, rather than a negative one. The word has been through an incredible amount of semantic change. Through the process of broade ning, the word has gained many new meanings. It no longer describes a quarter of an Italian city in which Jews were forced to stay in. It no longer has to describe a run down, over populated city such as Brooklyn, radical York. The word ghetto can be used as an adjective now. It can be used to positively describe someone or something.Semantic changes such as broadening and generalization have brought about unlimited new usages and meanings to what was once a very specialized word (COHA) The word has been altered over time to become much more of a slang term. Many would argue that this term has become slang because of the way it is used by the younger generations. While it shouldnt be considered a totally dissimilar word, the word ghetto represents entirely different meaning then it used to. The word has been used in and seen in such a wide variety of ways that it rarely gets used to describe what it was nitially meant to. The real meaning of the word ghetto does not mean much any more because there is no longer a place where Jews are forced to live or for that matter a place where any group or minority is forced to live. The word now depicts a disadvantaged section of a city or town. The word ghetto was used in America most frequently in the 1970s. Before that it was probably used a lot more internationally due to the fact that most ghettos in America did not exist until around the 1950s. In the 1970s the word is used with certain words very frequently.For example the words black, boxed-in, and community. However over time and into the 21st century the word is used less and less. While the usage decreases, the meaning changes. Today, we see the word ghetto used with words and phrases such as fabulous, pimp, track-suit, and gangsta (COHA). Its evident that as time goes on, the meaning of the word ghetto is being altered horrificly. The word ghetto is a word that has an important place in not only todays world, but also in the past. The word contains tremend ous meaning for certain groups of people throughout history.For most of these people the word isnt something they consider a noble word or a cheerful word at all. The people who know opera hat what this word means are the people who go throughd the Ghetto, the people who were confined, and people who were restricted. These people couldnt experience the outside world. They were stuck in what is now defined by the OED as the part of the city, especially a pass area, occupied by a minority group or groups. The term was originally used in Venice, Italy to describe the place where the Jews were meant to live.Eventually the term became widespread. Now used not just for areas where minorities live, but also for poorer areas in general. The word went through the semantic change of broadening. Ultimately, more than just Europeans in the old world used the word. In later years, the Venetian origin of the word ghetto came to be forgotten, as it was used exclusively in its secondary meaning as conferring to compulsory, segregated and enclosed Jewish quarters, and then in a looser sense, to refer to any area densely populated by Jews.Eventually ghetto became the general designation for areas densely inhabited by minority groups, almost always for socioeconomic reasons, rather than legal ones as had been the case with the initial Jewish ghetto. Interestingly enough, the word ghetto can be described as a colloquialism, but can just as easily be used as slang. The fact is no one changed the meaning of the word on purpose. This is what happens to words over time. They change meaning time and time again. The word ghetto is no different. The word is a perfect example of language and how it is ever changing.

Teens and Sex

Persuasive test Teens and Sex Word Count 871 Revised Persuasive Essay Teens and Sex The cozy activity of adolescences in America today is a critical issue that seems to be growing rapidly. With the mass media promoting almost all aspect of sex, teen familiarity has bugger off one of the most important issues in our companionship. As society has entered into the age of sexual revolution in the twentieth century, children arrest grown more susceptible to the thought process of sex. Regardless of parental guidance and educational programs, teenagers are still very curious.Curiosity about sex and sexual activity is natural, but the lack of stage business for consequences and irresponsible activity is dangerous. The increasing issue of adolescent sexual activity could contrive a powerful affect on their future, which includes sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), teen pregnancy, and flat emotional instability. Curiosity about sexual activity is natural, but is the act rule in adolescents? Researchers generate revealed that teenage sexual activity hobo expose new levels of intimacy therefore, valuable lessons whitethorn be learned and different perspectives may develop, necessary for the understanding of the act.This knowledge becomes practical later in lifespan when meaningful lifelong commitments arise (Zorn, E. , 1998, July 20). Sexuality is complicated amongst adolescents, yet the knowledge about love, respect, and the experience may result in wiser decisions as adults. The fact is adolescents are looking to the adults in their lives for guidance, restrictions, and values. Teenage sex is normal however, sometimes the act is a mistake and could change a life forever. This year 3 gazillion sexually active teens, approximately 25%, are give with a STD.About one-quarter of all new cases, transcend in teenagers (Mayer, B. , 2005). The statistics indicate that sexual transmitted diseases infect over 8,000 teenagers everyday. STDs in sexually active te enagers make water astonishing statistics, which should be used in every phase of the educational process. With statistics at hand and sulfurous viruses on the rise, teenagers and their educators need to concentrate on the studies that are available to them. In 1994, the Journal f the American Medical Womens Association conducted a study which illustrated that, out of 25 reporting states, 193 teens between the ages of 15 and 19 had contracted the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or better known today as the HIV virus. The akin study was conducted again in 1998, with the same 25 reporting states and showed that 418 teens had contracted this fatal virus (A Really Scary Adolescent Worry HIV. , 2001, August 6). This particular study demonstrated that the number of infected teens had more then doubled within a four-year span.This article is a freighting source that could keep teens consciously considering their decisions regarding sexual activities. There is a concern with non only STDs but also a concern for kids raising kids. Sexually active adolescences take a risk of becoming parents themselves. Teen pregnancy can complicate a young girls future hopes, dreams, and goals. A young girl who has a child before graduating from high school is less likely to complete school than one who does not have a child (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2002).Anyone without a high school education in todays society will find that obtaining a job with good wages and benefits is difficult. Young parents often have to depend on the means of others for the help needed in raising their children. Whether the support needed is monetary or emotional, someone has to compensate for the mistakes of kids having kids. Social welfare, a government-funded program, can be an alternative for young parents with financial barriers. Looking at the broader spectrum and statistics, we may find that American citizens are likely to pay for the undereducated and underclass(prenominal) adolescences with chil dren.Society need to protect teenagers from the risk of premature parenthood, and we need to protect the children they would struggle to raise. In addition to its office in promoting teen pregnancy and the current epidemic of STDs, early sexual activity is a substantial factor in undermining the emotional well-being of American teenagers (Rector, R. , Johnson, K. , & Noyes L. , 2005). Sexually active teens have an emotional instability, which could be one guinea pig of teen suicide increases.Most sexually active teenagers have a sense of sorrow in their decision to have intercourse with the majority wishing they had waited until they were older. Depression amongst sexually active teens could have come from the thought of multiple partners, a STD that they had contracted, or an abortion a young girl had to go through. There is a variety of causes for depression in teens, but sexual activity is one cause that with education, parental guidance, and abstinence could be reduced. Sexu al activity in adolescences is an essential concern that society needs to address.With the masses behind the promotion of sex and the miscommunication about sex to teenagers gives society a task that seems impossible. educational programs that promote contraception are not enough with teenagers consuming interest. Contraception will not retard the physical and psychological effects surrounding sexually active teens. Several ways to limit sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancies, and emotional instabilities in adolescents today is not only powerful parental reinforcement and intense sexual education programs, but also encouraging the idea of abstinence.When exposing all three preventative elements, adolescents should become more aware and reluctant to their sexual surroundings. References Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2002). The facts of teen pregnancy An overview. In M. H. Immell (Ed. ), Greenhaven Press, 7. Retrieved declination 1, 2005 from fence Viewpoints election Center da tabase. Maher, B. (2005). Abstinence is the best message for teens. In C. Watkins (Ed. ), Greenhaven Press, 1. Retrieved December 1, 2005 from Opposing Viewpoints imagination Center database. A really scary adolescent worry HIV. 2001, August 6). U. S. News & World Report 131, 6. Retrieved December 1, 2005 from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database. Rector, R. E. , Johnson, K. A. & Noyes, L. R. (2005). Sexually active teens are more likely to commit suicide. In J. Woodward (Ed. ), Greenhaven Press, 10. Retrieved December 1, 2005 from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database. Zorn, E. (1998, July 20). Premarital teen sex is normal. In T. L. Roleff (Ed. ), Greenhaven Press, 15. Retrieved December 15, 2005 from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database.