Confessional poetry Essay Example for Free

Confessional poetry EssayLike almost all of Aristotles recommendations in the Poetics, the unity of operation is grounded in what a hypothetical viewer is likely to see and, to a greater extent important, to believe. Tragedys formal coherence, in other words, is itself tested and therefore relies for its ability reliably to raise its defining effects upon its phenomenological consistency with a hypothetically pre-aesthetic concept of human nature.Despite his contention that poetry and politics may employ different standards of correctness, twain are ultimately subject to the of import structure of center and periphery. In fact, it is the unity of action by which aesthetic internal representation accesses rituals spellbinding and emotionally supercharged effects. As Gans writes, Discourse, as it emerged from ritual, was temporalized, as was ritual its own duration followed the irreversible progress of the rite, which itself followed that of the original event. . .Discour se operates within the temporal limits of the original crisis/resolution, which, whether it last a few hours or a few days, is of necessity extremely short in relation to the normal life span of its participants. . . . The elaboration of ritual is little a prolongation of the critical moment than the addition to it of other episodes. Signifi movece is thus originally a short-term phenomenon, which we may assume to follow to a greater extent or less the time scheme of a drama, where the speeches of the characters occupy a real time of interaction (Origin of Language 243, 288).Aristotle anticipates Gans in grounding the significance (or, to affair his word, beauty) of literary discourse in a ritually derived temporality. As Aristotle writes in Section 7 Beginning is that which does not necessarily follow on something else, except after it something else naturally is or happens end, the other way round, is that which naturally follows on something else, either necessarily or for the most part, but nothing else after it and centre that which naturally follows on something else and something else on it (30).To make the connections between aesthetic contemplation and ritual participation too explicit, however, is to risk falling into what Aristotle might have called the Platonic fallacy. Hence his recommendations with respect to the construction of plots tend to de-emphasize the perceptual elements most tight associated with originary representation. The three elements of plot, according to Aristotle, are peripety, recognition, and pathos, which he defines as a pestiferous or painful act, such as deaths on stage, paroxysms of pain, woundings, and all that sort of thing (37).The emotions aroused by pathos play a paradoxical lineament in Poetics while he identifies pity and terror as the tragic emotions, the most effective formal means by which they are aroused are, in Aristotles view, the least connected with poetic art. Though the visual adornment of dramati c persons can have a strong emotional effect, this is the least artistic element among the six constituents of tragedy (29) and while it is possible for the fearful or pathetic effect to come from the actors appearance, the mark and characteristic of a better poet is to engender these effects from the genuinely structure of events (40).Again, originary analysis points to how this, one of the most influential of Aristotles literary opinions, can be understood as an attempt to reconcile what increasingly appeared to be the potentially mutual exclusiveness of aesthetic contemplation and ritual participation. The non-instinctual attention of the periphery toward the central object at the originary snap must be, at least initially, captured and sustain (for however brief a time) through the eyes.That is, peripheral identification with the central figure is first visual and then replayed on each individuals internal, imaginary scene of representation. For this reason, ritual retains a primarily visual orientation. Thus, to define aesthetic excellence as that which resists the strict mimetic conservatism of ritual is to disconnect even more radically art from its violent origins. Similarly, Aristotles recommendation against reliance on the deus ex machina arises not merely from the organicism of his concept of dramatic plot, but from his perception that the proper phenomenal model for tragedy is not ritual but revelation.The poorest plots, he writes, are those that are contrived by the poet, such as that of Iphigenia, where Orestes says what the poet, rather than the plot, wants him to say in the recognition of his sister. By contrast, the most artistic plots are those that develop naturally but unexpectedly. Ritual is the opposite of revelation, writes Gans in Science and Faith (16). Nothing impertinently must occur there the only evolution the rite undergoes is the gradual draining away of the truth it was its task to preserve.Rites die and are replaced by oth ers, keepers of revolutionary revelations. But these revelations themselves never occur within the framework of ritual their privileged locus is the individual imagination, whose intuitions are tested only after the fact by the community (16-17). Aristotle thus anticipates Gans in identifying some of the ways in which the aesthetic scenes escape from ritual conservatism enables it to become an important locus for the discovery of fundamental human truths.The durability of Aristotles system therefore results neither from historic accident nor scholarly conspiracy discovering that an anthropologically-grounded theory of the sign could officestep Platos fears about art initiating the transmittance of conflictive mimesis enables the classical aesthetic eventually to achieve its logical end point the exploration the scene of representation qua scene. Aristotles achievement comes not, however, from merely denying the validity of Platos intuited connection of representation and crisis. Both thinkers recognize, as Gans has put it, that the institution of art constitutes an intermediary third term between the minimal institution of language and the maximal one of ritual, and that language and ritual are each in their own way coercive (Originary Thinking, 122). Poetry, according to Plato, has ties to the more communally coercive (and therefore threatening) institution of ritual for Aristotle, it is more closely allied with the individually coercive institution of language.It is significant, however, that Aristotles attempt to rid the aesthetic scene of its Platonic threats never fully succeeds as Gans writes, throughout history, Platos qualms about the subversive nature of art alternate with the cathartic claims of Aristotle (Originary Thinking 136). Later literary theorists, 7 especially Horace and Longinus, as we will seewhile they followed Aristotles lead in centering their discussions around mimesis, assemble themselves having to steer between the Scylla of arts violent origins and the Charybdis of the emotional lassitude of a scenic center devoid of its specifically sacred power.Although, as Gans argues, the relative magnificence of the Platonic and Aristotelian attitudes depends upon the balance of centrality and decentralization within a given society (Originary Thinking 136), the most famous ancient literary critics maintained the flavor that the positions were interchangeable by falling into sacred ambivalence the unwillingness to further Aristotles desacralization of the aesthetic scene. II. Horace Consider, for example, Horaces Ars Poetica.Both in form and content, this treatise on the craft (techne) of poetic committal to writing is predominantly Aristotelian like that of the Poetics, the argument of Ars Poetica unfolds according to the prescribed succession of poesis, poema, and poeta (Atkins 70). Both works, moreover, identify unity as the essential determinant of literary quality. During the renaissance, in fact, neoclassical critics frequently spoke of the two as if there were no differences between them concerning the so-called unity of place, writes Pierre Corneille in Of the Three Unities, I can find no rule.For all their concurrences, however, there is an important difference between Aristotle and Horace. Whereas the former makes only one fleetingand rather dismissivereference to the question of poetic inspiration, the latter devotes a considerable number of words to the elucidation of the temperamental qualities that conduce to literary genius.Horaces contribution to classical literary criticism thus consists of neither an elaboration of the theory of representation nor the practice of poetry, but of his subtle, even hesitant reminders of the poets cult of personality. For Aristotle, Sophocles greatness as a poet is demonstrated a posteriori, the result of his having produced the perfect tragedy, Oedipus Rex. Horace, on the other hand, takes what would no doubt have struck Aristotle as a step bac k toward the Platonic fallacy by reviving both mystery and vehemence as indispensable elements of poetic craft.In Ion, Plato had offered the characteristically mythicizing statement that all good poets, epic as well as lyric, compose their beautiful poems not by art, but because they are inspired and possessed (Adams 14). Though Horace does not go quite that far in this anti-Aristotelian direction, his very willingness to consider whether a worthy poem be the creation of nature or of art (Adams 74) indexes his dissatisfaction with what Gans has called Aristotles patently demystifying gesture of identifying the human with the central (Originary Thinking, 135).Though Horace refuses to commit himself explicitly to either side of the craft/inspiration controversyFor my part I do not see what study can do without a rich vein of immanent gift, nor what the native gift can do without culture (74)other elements of the essay indicate that he may have felt inspiration to be more important than he is willing to admit. First, he repeatedly invokes the Muses, indicating that for him poetic composition was still to be undertaken in an attitude of religious seriousness.Second, and even more significant, is 8 Horaces deliberate and little attention near the end of the letter to the social influence and temperamental characteristics of the poet. While men were yet savage, writes Horace, Orpheus, the sacred, the mouthpiece of the gods, awed them from bloodshed and the foulness of their vitality whence the legend said that he tamed tigers and ravening lions.

How a Guitar Works Essay Example for Free

How a Guitar Works EssayA guitar potful be defined as a musical instrument having a long, fretted neck, flat wooden voiceboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides (Kasha, 1968) and believed to pull through over 4000 years ago. The instrument was believed to be derived from the Greek instrument kithara, a squ ar-framed lap harp or lyre (Guy, 2001). Today the guitar comes in many different forms moreover still follows the same dynamics to create bonny melody. Music classifies a guitar as a chordophone or a range instrument. Physics describe a chordophone is any instrument whose standing wave constraint is that at each end of the medium there must be a node (Lapp, p. 61). A guitar has four essential components namely its hollow physical structure, its neck, the head and its six string section. The remains is the enclosed part of the guitar composed of the soundboard, a flat wooden piece that comprises the wait of the body, supported by the wooden ribs an d braces connected to the back board of the guitar to form the body cavity where air vibrates. The soundboard is etched with the sound old salt, the hole where which the sound from the quivering travels out into the air.The bridge, which is mounted on the lower part of the soundboard, anchors each of the one ends of the six strings of the guitar. A thin piece is attach to the bridge, which is called the saddle, on which the strings rest. The guitar neck is made up of the fingerboard, the face of the neck where the fingers of the player are placed while pressing on a string. Frets, pieces the bankrupt the fingerboard at definite intervals, are also part of the neck of the guitar. The end of the neck is made up of the nut, on which the other end of the strings rest, functioning similarly as the saddle.The head of the neck are where the ends of the string are affixed. The strings are tied onto a string post which can be freely rotated through worm gears. The tuning knobs provide fo r the control of the movement of the worm gears. Turning these knobs, enables the player to improver or change magnitude tension in the strings. The strings are the one who provides the tone that the guitar plays. Guitars have strings with different oppressiveness for steel string guitars or densities for nylon string guitars, having its thickness or density increase gradually from top to bottom. The chill of the strings determines the sound that the guitar plays.The vibrating strings alone are hardly audible. In order for the sound produced to be recognizable, the structure of the guitar is made as such in order to transfer the string vibrations to the plate of the soundboard through the bridge and saddle. The body then(prenominal) vibrates in all directions however the ribs inside the body cavity move on the plate flat, despite these disturbances. Amplification, in the strictest definition of the word, is never the function of the guitar body. The small great deal of sound produced due to string vibration is mostly due to the inefficient conversion of the free energy from the plucking of the string into sound energy.The guitar body provides an efficient medium for this energy conversion due to its large surface area. The simple schematic below, cited as Fig. 1, demonstrates the transfer of energy as a guitar string is plucked. Figure 2. Energy impart in the Guitar Physics in Guitars Sound is any fluctuation is pressure resulting from the displacement of matter. However, what men recognize as being heard are tones, which are sounds that are repeated at a specific frequency. Humans can nevertheless recognize tones with frequencies between 20Hz and 20kHz.Musical notes, however, are collection of tones with specific frequencies that were show pleasing to ones senses. The basic notes of the musical scale and their specific frequencies are as follows 264Hz is middle C or middle do 297Hz is D or re 330Hz is E or mi 352Hz is F or fa 396Hz is G or so 440H z is A or la 495Hz is B or ti and 528Hz is the higher C or higher do. The masterful combination of these basic set of frequencies by musical composers enabled the conception of melodic harmony and symphony. The vibration of the strings of the guitar can be characterized as standing waves.The standing wave condition needs that the ends be terminated by a fixed node. The frequency of the vibration is determined by the length of the string and the tension experienced by the string. Therefore, in order to produce the different musical notes, the different frequencies of vibration should be achieved by the strings. The first mode of vibration or the fundamental harmonic of the string can be illustrated by the Fig. 2, where L is the length of the string and ? represents the wavelength, the length of one cycle of vibration, an upward movement and its corresponding downward movement along the string.Figure 2. Fundamental Harmonic of String (Lapp, p. 62) ? can be found to be twice of the str ing length, L. Since frequency is the ratio of the speed of vibration and the wavelength and the tension of the string is the product of the big money density or mass per unit length of the string and the speed of vibration, an expression of the frequency of vibration, expressed as f, in terms of the string tension, expressed as T, mass density of the string, expressed as ? , and L can be derived, thus the expression These factors determine the frequency of the vibration, thus the tone that is played. An increase in ?and L decreases f, which results in a lower pitch. On the other hand, an increase in T, increases f, resulting in a higher pitch. The guitar provides control for all these factors. The difference in the density of the strings from top to bottom provides control for ?. The tuning knobs manage T while L is controlled by the player by pressing on the string against the fret. However, as the guitar string is struck, it does not vibrate solely on its fundamental frequency. Instead overtones are formed, which are harmonics with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency, which can be demonstrate by Fig.3. These overtones provide the richness of sound, which seem to reverberate in ones ears, instead of a flat sound of a tone with only a single harmonic. Figure 3. (from top to bottom) 1st, 2nd, and 3rd overtones (Hokin, 2001) The guitar can be considered to be a system of coupled vibrators (Fletcher Rossing, 1998, p. 240). Along with the vibration of the string as it is plucked, all other parts of the guitar vibrates, and with it energy is transferred through them as demonstrated in Fig. 1. A significant part of the production of tones of a guitar is the vibration of the body along with air inside its cavity.The movements and modes of vibration of the guitar body and the air inside it, in response to the string being plucked, are referred to as internal resonances, which provides for the increase in volume of the tone produced similar to hitting a snare. The frequency of thses internal resonances of the guitar body are determined by the volume of air that the body encloses and the size of the sound hole, one of which that has lowest frequency is termed as Helmholtz resonance. These modes of the vibration can be observed through the use of lasers in holographic interferograms, as exemplified by Fig.4, wherein the vibrations are manifested as ripples in the guitar body. Figure 4. Guitar Body Resonances (Fletcher Rossing, 1998, p. 246) However, these resonances can affect the quality of the tone produced when its frequency is close to harmonics that the plucked string produces. true harmonics are attenuated further than usual resulting in higher or lower pitches. The appropriate placement of the ribs and braces inside the guitar body, aside from supporting the soundboard, keep these resonances at a minimum. The ribs and braces of the guitar are illustrated below. Figure 5. Bracings of a Guitar (Billington, 1999)The masterful combination of the components of a guitar through its development has enabled it to be a source of beautiful melody throughout generations. The guitar is concrete evidence how man can create harmony from chaos.ReferencesFlectcher, N. H. Rossing, T. D. (1998). The Physics of Musical Instruments. 2nd ed. New York. Springer Science+ handicraft Media, Inc. Billington, I. (1999). The Physics of the Acoustic Guitar. Retrieved from http//ffden-2. phys. uaf. edu/211. web. stuff/billington/main. htm. University of New South Wales. Guitar Acoustics. Retrieved from http//www. phys. unsw. edu. au/music/guitar/. Hokin, S.(2002). The Physics of Everyday Stuff. Retrieved from http//www. bsharp. org/ physics/ stuff/guitar. html. Lapp, D. R. The Physics of Music and Musical Instruments. Retrieved from http//www. tufts. edu/as/wright_center/workshops/workshop_archives/physics_2003_wkshp/ book/pom_book_acrobat_7. pdf. Brain, M. How Acoustic Guitars Work. Retrieved from http//enter tainment. howstuffworks. com/guitar. htm. Guy, P. (2001). A Brief History of the Guitar. Retrieved from http//www. guyguitars. com/eng/ handbook/BriefHistory. html Parkkali, R. (2006). A Well Compensated Guitar. Retrieved from http//www. newmillguitar. com/ millen2. htm

The Buck Stops (and Starts) at Business Schools Essay Example for Free

The Buck Stops (and Starts) at origin Schools EssayCase analysis on The buck stops (and starts) at caper school Its really strange that on one and only(a) hand, most people who were laid off in 2009 after the crisis went into the business schools. On the other hand, medias were seriously criticizing the damage business school graduate brought to the financial crisis. Does business schools need to change? Or theyre just the scapegoats? In Joel Podolnys view, business schools definitely should be blamed and should be reinvented. He believed that historically, business schools have largely ignored the teaching of set and ethical motive because those arent subjects of inquiry for traditional business school academic disciplines. Also, those leadership and ethics courses that are taught are flawed since tutelage to detail and pickings responsibilities were not emphasized. Further more, case teaching method alone doesnt enable students to learn that being consistent in various s ituations and continually paying the flop amount of vigilance to detail are among the most challenging aspects of leadership.Podolny also put forward several suggestions about how business schools can change to earnings back the trust from the society. I think foster greater integration and encourage qualitative get hold ofs most sense among the five recommendations. I vote for these 2 because I simply think the other three just dont work. In Fisher, we are doing appointing teaching teams right now. But as a student, or the subject of this way of teaching, my feeling is that we dont like this way. When we see the ethics teachers come in, we ingrainedly feel a kind of hesitation since no one subconsciously or consciously admits that their ethic need to be taught. We either think were really sober people or we think its all BS and making bills is always the most important thing. But I feel the most compelling lesson of ethics I learned was actually from an International Busin ess class professor who almost unwarily lead the sermon about a manager set about whether or not firing a disabled worker who has contributed a lot to the success of the company in one case.Its so natural that the class did not even take it as an ethics class but really took a great lesson unguardedly through the extremely heated discussion and the concluding succinct but thought provoking words from the professor. That will be my own suggestion for teaching ethics. Stop competing on ranking is a dream. To me its just like asking companies to stop competing on net income and EPS. That will never happen though companies can pay more attention to social benefits. Similarly, we can expect business schools to pay more attention or at least act like they pay more attention to candidates moral aspect. Withdraw degrees for violating codes of conduct sounds powerful but its just so hard to really enforce. Just look at doctors and lawyers in our society now and one can see if it really work s.Ethics is still a huge issue in many of the hospitals and courts. Whats more, withdraw the degree for lawyer and doctors can forbid them to continue work as a doctor or lawyer, but in the business world, as long as you have a pretty good experience in your resume, you can always find a job regardless of the degree. Business schools might really need to transform but another question is, should they be responsible for the recent financial crisis as all those business graduates are selling CDS and telling ignorant people to leverage more on mortgages? I dont think Business schools are largely nefarious for the global economic crisis of 2008-2012, at least not largely. First of all, my understanding of the 2008 financial crisis is that we call it sub-prime crisis but sub-prime is just the b exiting fuse of it. On one hand, most people are so accustomed to living on credit with zero savings or little savings. On the other hand, Greenspan has planted the seed for all this in his mone tary policy and the burst of the bubble is more of an inevitable result of the false prosperous real estate trade than wicked business school students cheating people around.Its very easy to treat innocent civilians as victims and find someone making money on that as chief criminals. But dont forget that its the illusion that one can live a pretty good life without working hard and enjoy your life today as much as possible that really destroyed many of the families. The strong horse and the worlds trust in dollar had brought US people so much benefits that most people just took that for granted and dreamed that could last forever. The repeated cycles of financial crisis or the ups and downs of economy itself is a manifestation of uncontrollable greed insides human beings that has nothing to do whether one has graduated from a business school or not. To put it another way, if Wall Street does not hire a single business school graduate, the situation will be roughly the same. So att ributing the bane of financial crisis mostly to the business schools is more of finding a scapegoat in my view.That said, does that mean business schools had no wrongfulness doings? Definitely no. The pressure from the job market really puts the business schools at a place that they have to pay much more attention to the placement after graduation. Rankings, whether you care about it or not, are out there closely starred at by most of the applicants. These search to be perfect excuses why business schools pay extreme little attention to ethics and responsibilities. But as a school, it should always take the nerve of education as the guideline, which is to teach people to become better people, not to become better financial modeling makers. We can have various knowledge classes that teach the sophisticated technics of Excel but we can never learn about how to make the world better in business skill study classes.So business schools should be blamed for not having planted the see ds of ethics and responsibilities in students. Can business schools teach more about ethics and how to make a better world? Well, it depends. It depends not because the schools can or cannot set up more ethics course and have more ethics teachers. I say it depends because I believe ethics and responsibilities are not taught by ethics teachers but by every single teacher in the schoolroom even if he teaches financial modeling. I believe ethics are best taught and accepted when the students really feel the leadership inside the professor and truly want to follow him or her instead of through simulation case discussions. Do most of the professors in most schools have much(prenominal) leadership and such deep embedded understanding of ethics and responsibility? I seriously doubt about it.

Effects Of Digital Technology On Identity

Effects Of Digital Technology On IdentityIdentity is described as a sense of self, as macrocosm a consistent and unique person. (Fernald, 1997) Defining individual identity involves being aw be of and understanding an individuals experiences, perceptions, feelings, sensations, images and memories. Ones understanding and explanation of them, the choices and decisions a person makes, and the action they take in responding to changing conditions, needs, demands and challenges is another important aspect of identity. Beyond their mental and physical constitution, human beings consist of personal experiences, perceptions, feelings, images and memories (Dorscht, 1998). As digital engineering is a vast area to cover, I will primarily focus on the internet and peoples ability to connect with others.Paul Magnarella, of the University of Florida proposes that, as societies become more complex and differentiated, due to technological developments, more specialists are needed, and social integr ation is becoming based on the interdependence of specialized functions (Magnarella, 1997). contemporary humanity is adjusting to life within the global community. This has far reaching impact in how personal, social and cultural identities are formed and maintained. As the technology of the twenty-first century speeds up and expands access to information and virtual environments, constraints upon individuals to exclusively rely upon, and respond to their local anesthetic physical environment is diminished (Jones, 1997).The availability of information and technology has affected the development of individual and group identity. It is only very recently in the time line of human evolution, that individuals and members of society have been exposed to civilisations, attitudes and ship seatal of thinking that are not insulated. There has been a great deal of attention paid to the development of self in this technological society. The volume and human body of relationships now availa ble to the average person, through the Internet, at an interpersonal level, enables the individual an opportunity to construct a wise self or identity for every occasion, with very little is expected in return (Eyck, 1998).Sociology is the study of human behaviour in groups, and focuses on the influences of social relationships on attitudes and behaviour. In the Sociological look into Online Journal, Schroeder examines the social aspects of multi-user virtual reality. He states that there is stratification in cyber-space communities, with insiders and outsiders with different behaviours, roles, and statuses. Schroeder regards the possibilities for extending new opportunities and experiences in both the natural and social worlds as sociologically pertinent (Schroeder, 1997). The way in which individuals perceive themselves and their place in the world, is fundamental to the topic of identity. Researchers have described control as an individuals belief that they could cause good or bad events. (Shapiro et al.) The schema theory is described as facts or experiences that are clustered around topics, which provide a frame of reference for individuals to draw upon when reservation judgments (Wresch, 1996). When an individual combines this schema with the way they selectively value the limited information allowed into their consciousness, it further defines ones sense of identity. One point proposed is, that by role-playing or testing scenarios in cyber-space, nearly people are better prepared to function in similar real life situations.Another issue is that of gender switching on the web. Anthropologists describe gender as the cultural elaboration and meaning assigned to the biological differentiation between the sexes (Haviland, 1997), in the sense that ones sex is biologically determined, further ones sexual identity is culturally assigned. In sociological terms, gender roles are expectations, regarding the proper behavior and activities, and attitudes of m ales and females. (Schaefer Lamm, 1997 37) In cyber-space you can assume multiple identities, change gender and explore different facets of your personality. Turkle quotes Jung, saying Jung believed that for each of us, it is potentially most liberating to become acquainted with our dark side, as well as the other-gendered self, called anima in men and bad blood in women (Turkle, 1995). In role-playing and gaming, such as the online fantasy game, Second Life. It may be seen as an exercise in fantasy, and a way to create and promote mastery over a persona the individual is in control of. Second Life is a free 3D virtual world where users can socialize, connect and create using free voice and text chat.One definition of society is a fairly large number of people who wear in the same territory, are coitionly independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture (Schaefer Lamm, 1997). In cyber-space, people are forming virtual societies. A sense of familiarity and belonging is created, through interaction and virtual proximity. Participants in Second Life refer to their virtual communities as cultures. Culture by definition is, A set of rules or standards, shared by members of a society, which when acted on by the members produce behaviour that falls within a shake off of variation the members consider proper and acceptable (Haviland, 1997). To deviate from the rules can result in punishment or expulsion from the culture. There are both IC, in character, guidelines for behavior, and OC or out of character codes to be followed. These people feel that they know each other. They interact both in and out of character and, in some cases have arranged meetings in the Real World.Sherry Turkle (Turkle, 1995) puts forward the idea that computer mediated communications have saturated society with both alien and local cultures. Turkle points out that through such widespread social contact, we are adjusting to and assimilating other cultures beliefs and norms to such an extent that we as a society are being deprived of traditional social structures and norms.In this information age, one may locate diverse friends, create an alternate identity and explore avenues of study and areas of culture that were never an option a generation ago (Turkle, 1995). Culture lag is defined as a period of maladjustment during which the non-material culture adapts to the material culture and unknown ideas are often viewed as threatening. (Schaefer Lamm, 1997) This definition could be paraphrased by stating that some individuals suffer from a period of confusion while the previously non-technical culture is adapting to new technology. This techno-culture lag appears to be more problematic to those who have not had as much experience with the technical and Internet related fields, than for example, the average secondary educate student. The modern teenager sees the Internet in much the same way the children of the 1960s took television for granted.F rom a sociological view our individual culture provides us with a predisposed way of thinking and behaving when communication. Our vocabulary is affected by our culture, in that we tend to have more words or ways of expressing ourselves, relative to the degree of importance we attach to a given subject. (Haviland, 1997) The way in which we communicate also guides our thinking and behaviour. This can be a potential quotation of problems when communicating outside our own culture. Phrases and words that are intended to convey a particular meaning may be misinterpreted and cause embarrassment or offense to a person of a different culture. The absence of body language and gestures when communicating by computer, whether through email or chats, seems to be head communication to a more generic form and adding a whole new vocabulary of technological terminology.Modern humanity is part of a networked society, whether without delay or indirectly. Its views of the world, its cultures and individual identity are all being reshaped through the impact of the Internet in our lives. People have become cyber-chameleons, adjusting to whoever they are communicating with. This flexibility is characteristic of contemporary society. One generation ago, it was common for a person to be born, live, and die in one community, while being marital to the same person and working in the same job. In todays society it is not unusual to change jobs, and move, remarry and adapt multiple times.Societies suffer a cultural loss when they homogenize and streamline their identities in order to communicate and interact globally (Featherstone Burrows, 1995). The modern self is bombarded with instantaneous images of far off peoples, events and cultures and outside happenings. This places the producers of this information in the position of becoming manufacturers of reality (Eyck, 1998). It is more important than ever that the individual become aware of how to distinguish fantasy from reality a nd guess the information that is being served up to them (Balsalmo, 1996). The distribution of knowledge and power has made it more difficult for powerful social institutions to wield the power they once did. fellowship is power, so perhaps to spread knowledge is to distribute power. Ones awareness of choices and decisions, of action and responses, and understanding of what they indicate, and how they interact and relate is what finally comprises an image of oneself, an identity.

How Advertisements Have Changed

How Advertisements Have ChangedOver the years, advertisements have been a vital factor in the promotion of products and services. It is a pervasive phenomenon that generates income through trade and at the equivalent time, strengthens the business of selling and trade. On another basis, denote lays the foundation of persuasion and influence as the subconscious grounds for the so-called purchasing power of its targeted consumers. With this notion promulgates the concept wherein media plays a fundamental role in relaying and disseminating these messages of sale and trade to a large volume of people. Indeed, advertising is not to a greater extentover on the propagation of profits but as well as an artful presentation of merchandise, requiring the creativity and deep comprehension on the part of the advertising media.More than these, advertising has become an important channel to showcase and provide the basic needs, wants and desires in the day-to-day lives of the human entity. It has endowed comfort in science either with the implement of sign, radio and television veritable(a) offering an opportunity to choose among the many variations and options of goods that will suit the buyers preferences. There lies the use of communication through advertising that similarly portrayed a role affecting the economic state of a certain nation.However, in the decades of time undermines the contrasting issues faced by advertising disdain its effectiveness in sales and income generation, and flat in bridging the gap between the person that has something to sell and the person that will gain the gain upon purchase-for it has illustrated various societal issues, specially concerning women. Women have become field of views of negative conceptions in the presentation of this creative and persuasive venture that indeed requires profound analysis to march on understand its meaning. Thus, women have continuously been undervalued perhaps severed by wrong images deliv ered by media itself.The Axe Product Print AdsThe Axe brand of products has always been participative when it comes to issues concerning women-as the subject of its so-called Axe Effect since its target market is men. The cologne brand is blatant in showcasing various images of women that usually moves under censorship-for obscene eubstance exposure, wherein men using Axe derriere instantly call the attention of women by its long-lasting, powerful and triggering fragrance-considered as the products selling proposition depicting that if men use Axe, they will always get what they want when in comes to women, and evening sex.As to this notion lies the portrayal of sexy, flirty or perverted ladies that may be seen in physical and erotic scenes, more felt in television mer fucktiles. But, this kind of aura Axe represents is also manifested in other advertising forms, even in affect ads as shown in this figure-an almost naked individual tempting men to cleanse her, where in fact t he said be wash is really think for men use. Her voluptuous and perfectly curved body seemed to be an appetizer in every mans table, ready to be latch onn inside the bathroom as to where the product should be used, by what the background says and what the image tells it. Her hands argon even positioned as if she is very much ready to take it off, for a more enticing shot and by just looking at it, one can draw lustful assumptions. The dirt covering her body can even penetrate another view, wherein women can be concluded as to either unclean or usually involved in filthy activities most especially when it deals with men. Furthermore, the tagline Get Dirty seemed to have supported this observation. It is also of personal interrogation as to what is really the significance of placing more emphasis on this ladys dirty body rather than the shower gel product-for it seemed like the body is universe advertised not the brand.On another perspective, it is said that Axe also has a move n ice girls naughty factor as again brought upon by its advertisements1which is clearly seen in this designate. The said Axe Effect is being highlighted in this portrait of a nun, with a clip on her nose as if indicating a threat-a way of aw arness to be cautious of what this cologne can do that might even go below the belt-and worst leading her to sin. The sad face shows remorse and regret from the opportunities she might enjoy if it happens that she is privileged to smell Axe. Perhaps there is an interpretation that she wants to at least take the clip off and experience humanly satisfactions that are clearly against her chosen devotion and vocation. This indeed has the greatest impact of Axes political theory in making women turn into something unusual, by having the religious image as its model for she is known of the highest form of nobility and goodness. Certainly, it is degrading on their part since they are usually perceived as holy and almost imperfect as implied by their r eligiosity and thus stereotyping is implicated.Moreover, the picture used by Axe commercial opens another impression that women are more capable of sinning, regardless of what culture she belongs and what her role is in the society she lives. Culturally undertaken, men have more refreshing tendencies if in part they have committed sin whilst the women face more societal rage on her imperfections.Womens Advertising Images through the Decades 1960sIf one is to take a closer look in the first print ad, images of how the instant party doll is being used suggests that women are also seen as toys that can be brought anywhere, anytime. If this is an inflatable toy for party occasions, does it only have to be a female with a 40-20-40 statistics? Does that mean that only the men are allowed to be present in parties, and if not, why only make a female doll to be used as an object of fun? Mistakenly, the picture can be seen as a real lady exposing her perfectly-shaped body, seemingly creating a magical tone as she is being held by a magician. The second picture is likely seen as the scenario in the Biblical story of the first indulgence of man-with Adam, Eve and the advertised ham as the apple. The inscriptions held by the devil character, To build a man trap fill picnic basket with Underwood Deviled Ham sandwiches manifests that women are the perpetrators of sin and the source of evil temptations which draws men to their sinful nature. Lastly, the third print advertisement connotes double meaning that is apparent in the inscriptions of big and the first taste will tell you why, wherein there lies to be a hidden docket on the expression of the female representative towards a man who unrealistically carries a huge bottle of whiskey.Womens Advertising Images through the Decades 1970sThese stills describe vary in the images of women through the years and somehow elicit proof in the context of how women are viewed from demure and simplicity to liberalism and sophisticatio n. The first picture suggests that change as taken from the perfumes copy Things dont happen the way they used to. But they still happen. It is somehow supported by the picture making the act of kissing a usual activity that can be done anywhere or anytime, most especially if this particular scent is being used letting women fall helplessly unto the hands of men. The second image educes class and style that can be seen by the womens status quo but at the same time also manifests dependence on vices like smoking, alcohol as indicated by the statement I know the honeymoon was over when he stopped ordering me Chivas Regal. and even men. In line also with the cigarette commercial, the third print advertisement signifies men and cigarettes as again the object of desire among women. What is alarming is the No woman ever says no to Winchester. which either points to the product or the men in general where the women in different races are of no exception and also allowing polygamy as natur al activity.Womens Advertising Images through the Decades 1980sThe advent of color made the advertising medium a more creative and effective means of persuasion. inappropriate the other years, the 1980s welcomed a more improved look on print advertisements when in comes to picture and physical quality. However, underlying messages concerning women continue to rise as with the years to follow.The first image again showcased skin and body that can now have an effect on both the male and female consumers. The same goes with the third picture, that even if there is a more emphasis on the acceptance of having cigarette smoking as a feminine activity, the concept of being slim and sexy both conveys to the female market. Thus the idea of being thin and skinny-both portrayed by the tanning and cigar brands-somehow inculcates a definition of perfection that licence the female viewers to imitate what they see. Meanwhile, the second still reflects discrimination however no gender biases can be justified since the product is directed towards women. Initially, the primary(a) concern points to the dignity of the worker, painstakingly shoveling the raw material in order to make the final product, and the efforts seemed to be underrated and degraded by her own kind as three legs insensitively stood over her. Racial and color preconceived notions are also taken emphasis.Findings and ConclusionsAlthough television is considered as the most effective medium in advertising, this study values the role of print medium as a primary source in conveying different messages that of which the general public is concern. However, despite televisions efficiency, the main grounds of womens issues do not merely lie on the medium use alone, but of how women are being portrayed and presented. Among these images of women in different time capsules, it is generally concluded that they have become subjects of sexual desires and seductions, although it is not yet fully apparent in the early day s, because at some point, women are viewed to be an artificial matter compared to the naturalness of men2, as more portrayed in the fashion scene. This is an obvious indication among presented Axe print advertisements that despite it is directed towards men, there seems to be an unnatural association of women as further seen in the early days of print advertisements although it is not obviously implemented. There seemed to be an urge for domination over men but it is somewhat hidden under a visual portrayal of men as having a more pleasurable gain-as if they are the constant desire in every womans dream.Aside from this, women have continually been affected by their own representation in the media when it comes to cant over and health issues. It is mostly indicated that images of being thin and sexy have constantly influenced and replicated the post-modern age of women making them vulnerable victims of bulimia and anorexia3, as most studies have resulted. On another light, the histo rical factors have contributed on the issue of discrimination that either involves different groups and sectors of women.Overall, womens image have been regarded as an important and powerful attribute4to the advertising world as to why it continues to suffer in the real world and living, as an effect in the medias representation of them.

Affect And Strategy Of Environmental Factors Marketing Essay

Affect And Strategy Of Environmental Factors securities industrying EssaySTEEPLE/PESTLE originall(a)y designed as a business environmental scan, the STEEPLE or PESTLE analysis is an analysis of the external macro environment ( size open picture) in which a business ope range. These are often factors which are beyond the control or influence of a business, however are important to be aware of when doing product development, business or strategy planning.Social Dlys is a chocolate based cake and a bakehouse Producer and as United Kingdom is i of the highest consumers of the Chocolate product, it is easily accepted by the People. It can take a speed in a food securities industry in in truth less time. On the other Hand as either person is busy, they prefer Baker Products which is more quick and easy to eat, any age, sex and of different geographical regions would easily adopt Dlys product.Technological The to the highest degree modern bakeries are highly automated. To track and help assure compliance with g everyplacenment regulation that affects bakeries, companies deploy software, such as Environmental Quality anxiety Program. Bakery Firms whitethorn use computer system to receive order, track gross sales and exchange the data with extended customers. Dlys do non provoke its own distri merelyion business and retail outlets, gross sales are through the main super commercialize bonds such as Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons. Some independent securities industry chains alike stock Dlys products and the products in like manner sold by Harrods and Fortnum and Mason. Which whitethorn affect the technologically in the ope dimensionn of the Business.Economical Large economies of scale extend in output signal baked product, is manly of labour cost can be reduced dramatically in large bakery facilities. A big automated bakery can produce a million lollipop loaves a week with just 100 employees working two deracinations. The size of production f acilities is limited by the need to distribute a highly perishable product to a large number of customers. Usually a large cook facility can service an area within a 300-miles radius. As Dlys has 60 employees it could reduce the cost of production. These may be the factor substance Economical environment of the Industry.Environmental Production is carried out at Dlys Ltds own factory and by one other food manufacturer in England that is not owned by Dlys Ltd. The factory must be environment friendly and should be concern about the reduction in pollutions that may effect in health of the person residing nearby. This may be the factor that may affect the ope ration of Dlys Ltd.Political As the Political situation of U.K is stable and that warmly welcomes the entry of the parvenu products inside the United kingdom market, the tax policy of United kingdom is very producer friendly and conflicts is very much less likely to occur in the production like saloons and bakeries that may a ffect the operation of the Dlys Ltd.Legal The basic down the stairsstanding of the political legal environment is when the government implements laws and or regulations which affect the way a business operate. Legal environment in a business are as fol junior-gradeing Statutory and regulatory conditions, corporate governance, compliance, international trade regulations, competition regulation. In the case of Dlys Ltd it has to be careful in food and hygienics regulation, employment policies, health and safety rules and regulation etcEthical The ethical factors includes Business ethics, Consent, Client confidentiality, Official Secrets Act, Security access, terms of business/trade, Trust, Reputation. As the national hug has praised the quality of the products and a number of organisations have identified some Dlys products as being the best of their kind in taste tests. Jo Brown has effect fame as a dynamic entrepreneur and is a dragon on the BBC business understand Dragons Den. Jo is a hands-on managing director and would always want to be seen as such in any business she worked in. These could ethically effect the environment of the Dlys Ltd.Stake holder analysisInternal stakeholders and their interest in the company(a) Employees. Employees and their representative groups are interested in information about the stability and profitability of their employers. They are also interested in information which enables them to survey the ability of the enterprise to provide remuneration, retirement benefits and employment opportunities, in the case of Dlys Ltd 60 employees are the internal stakeholder of the Business.(b) Investors. The providers of risk capital and their advisers are interested with the risk inherent in, and return provided by, their enthronisations. They need information to help them determine whether they should buy, hold or sell. Shareholders are also interested in information which enables them to valuate the ability of the enterprise to p ay dividends. (Investors are owners of the co. It can be argued that they are external stakeholders, but its also hard to call your owners outsiders) In the case of Dlys Ltd its a Private Company so the investor is Dlys itself.(c) Management and those who appointed them. Financial statements also show the results of the stewardship of management, or the accountability of management for the resources entrusted to it. Those users who wish to prise the stewardship or accountability of management do so in order that they may make economic decisions these decisions may include, for example, whether to hold or sell their investment in the enterprise or whether to reappoint or replace the management.External StockholderThe external stakeholders can be considered as anyone outside the implementing Organisations that could be affected by the projects results. STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENTIt is not sufficient to identify the relevant groups. Named individuals need to be identified within each grou p and more than one person may be required for any organisation or department. The selection of these individuals ordain depend on the role that they are to play in the project and the requirements in terms of knowledge, authority and level of involvement that this creates. External Stockholder of Dlys Ltd is Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons. Some independent grocery chains also stock Dlys products and the products also sold by Harrods and Fortnum and Mason.Attitude toward the Strategy of Dlys would be positive by the internal and external stakeholders, as Sales of the companys products have currently expectant by more than 15% per annum every year since the company was founded and they currently amount to 6 million annually. The net profit on sales ratio is a very healthy 10% and at this level other businesses have been attracted to Dlys Ltds business model. The company has a balance sheet that shows in that location are assets of 20 million funded by a mortgage of 7 milli on, a long term bank loan of 2 million and kept up(p) profits over the last 10 years of 6 million. The residual amount comes from the shareholders equity. It employs only 60 people. Apart from one factory with attached offices, Dlys Ltd owns no distribution businesses and no retail outlets.2(a) Use appropriate tools to analyse and measure the effects and effectiveness of Dlys Ltds current business plans.2(b) Summarise the daub of Dlys Ltds in its current market.2(c) Evaluate the competitive strengths and weaknesses of Dlys Ltds current strategies.Existing Business StrategyPorters Five Force analysis is important when stressful to understand the competitive environment facing a given industry. It involves looking at internal competition barriers to entry, the profit appropriating power of buyers and sellers, as well as substitutes to the goods produced. Applied to the bakery industries like Dlys express it shows an average net profit that typically does not cover the cost of capit al due to low barriers to entry, ease of production and ease of access to ingredients.Internal RivalryThere are many players in the bakery industries like Dlys Limited. The top quad companies are estimated to only account for 11.7 percent of the market. The industry is characterized by many small bakeries, but in that respects has been the recent trend towards consolidation and economics of scale. Businesses compare on price, quality, differentiation and relationship with key suppliers.Barrier to entryBarrier to entry in this industry is low. Economics of scale are beneficial, but are not required for industrial success. As a result, small business can enter the industry with relatively small amount of Capital. The two main antigenic determinant of New company successes is the leader ability acquire sufficient channels of distribution to cover an operating cost and their ability to built up bell ringer acquisitions and Loyalty. Distribution channels typically involve retail outl ets, such as grocery stores and supermarkets and they can be easily acquired if the bakery brand is established or have market research to create one. Dlys Ltd Sales are through the main supermarket chains such as Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons. Some independent grocery chains also stock Dlys products and the products also sold by Harrods and Fortnum and Mason.BuyersBuyers of the bakery industry products like Dlys Ltd such as ASDA, Sainsburys, Morrison, Tesco are able to appreciate much of the industry profit due to large number of small bakeries that are buying to find outlets for their products. As a result Buyers are able to command Low price and volume discounts. Only a large player like have the power to level the playing field of operation and achieve a more balanced share of the profit.SuppliersSuppliers do not have much negotiating power in the bakery business like Dlys ltd due to the well developed market for their products and their commoditized nature of what they are saying. Cakes and pastries and child bakeries of delays ltd can be affected by price swing of the raw input, but the changes are the result of the global supply and demand determinants rather than supply negotiating powerSubstitutes some(prenominal) substitutes exist for bakery products. Breakfast cereals, rice and potatoes are all viable alternatives and individual can also make all of the baked goods they want at home. Bakery relay upon price and convenience to keep individuals shift key to a substitute for baking what they need at home.Position of Dlys Ltd Product in MarketDlys Ltd is a private company that makes cakes under the brand name Dlys. It was founded in 2000 by Jo Brown who liked the chocolate based cakes and patisserie that was on sale in Paris. With 75,000 Dlys Ltd was founded. It makes a mixed bag of desserts and sweets for the premium end of the market. All the output is of chilled products. Jo Brown has found fame as a dynamic entrepreneur and is a dragon on the BBC business show Dragons Den. Jo is a hands-on managing director and would always want to be seen as such in any business she worked in.Sales of the companys products have currently cock-a-hoop by more than 15% per annum every year since the company was founded and they currently amount to 6 million annually. The net profit on sales ratio is a very healthy 10% and at this level other businesses have been attracted to Dlys Ltds business model. The company has a balance sheet that shows there are assets of 20 million funded by a mortgage of 7 million, a long term bank loan of 2 million and kept up(p) profits over the last 10 years of 6 million. The residual amount comes from the shareholders equity. It employs 60 people.The growth in snacking and requirement for convenience foods has benefited two(prenominal) the biscuits and cakes and pastries sectors. Many industrially produced cakes are now available in wrapped single-portion sizes designed for snacking, while snack-sized extends of biscuits have also become more commonplace.The European market for bakery products amounted to 30.2 million tonnes in 1999, worth an estimated 45 billion ($73 billion or i68 billion). Given its size, the bakery sector can be considered to be one of the most important sectors of the food industry as a whole. Bread remains a staple part of the diet, whilst cakes and biscuits can change magnitudely be regarded as regular snacking items rather than occasional treats.Bread is by far the largest sector of the bakery market, with sales of 24.45 million tonnes in 1999, equating to 81% of total bakery volumes. Sales of biscuits totalled 3.02 million tonnes, representing 10%, and cakes and pastries for the remaining 9%, or 2.73 million tonnes.There are over 120,000 enterprises active in the European bread-baking sector, the vast mass of which are small craft bakers. Craft bakers are dominant in countries where there is a tradition of buying freshly baked bread every day, such a s Italy, Portugal, Greece and France. This contrasts with the situation in the UK and Ireland, where some 80% of bread consumed is industrially produced.Overall, artisanal bakers and in-store bakeries currently account for 63% of all bread consumed in Europe, although industrial bakers, which account for the remaining 37%, are becoming more significant.Within the total European biscuits market, DANONE is market leader, with a 16% share of sales, While Sales of the Dlys Companys products have currently large by more than 15% per annum every year since the company was founded and they currently amount to 6 million annually. in front of United Biscuits with 11%, Bailsmen with 8%, and Barilla with 6% own-label accounts for an estimated 18%.3(a) Use a range of tools and models to develop a range of strategic plectrons for Dlys Ltd3(b) see the comparative strategic position taken by competitors in the market and how it may affect the choice of future strategy by Dlys Ltd3(c) prepare a range of feasible options as the basis of future organisational strategy for Dlys LtdDespite the ongoing trend towards healthy eating, and the added pressures from the credit squeeze, demand for mild chilled desserts continues to grow. Market value increased by 14% between 2003 and 2007, and is expected to grow by 4% in 2008, taking sales to 1,030 million.An internal shift within chilled pot desserts forth from every day desserts in favour of premium lines is adding value, although overall volume growth has been subdued. Sales of other chilled desserts other than those in pots have been boosted by larger sharing formats, while a revival of family dining at the weekend has contributed to the growth of hot eating desserts.The outlook for the market remains positive, although in order to achieve longer-term growth, manufacturers will need to further increase the participation of ABC1s and increase frequency of consumption beyond special occasions. whim and on-the-go snacking, as w ell as the consumption of desserts away from main meals all offer further potential for growth.Mintel last examined the UK market for Chilled and Chilled Pot Desserts in inch 2007 and July 2006 respectively.Mintel forecasts on the Bakery, cakes and pastry IndustryBread UK February 2007Between 2001 and 2006, the retail sales volume of bread fell by 14% to 1.8 million tonnes. Mintel forecasts slower objurgate between 2006 and 2011 of approximately 9%. Between 2001 and 2006, the value market grew by 14%, or 9% in real terms. Mintel also forecast that it will grow by an estimated 11% over the next five years to reach a value of 2.4 billion at current prices, which translates to a 2% rate of growth in real terms. Bread Cakes Ireland March 2006Retail sales of biscuits are valued at 252.4 million in RoI and have grown by 24% since 2000. Retail sales in NI rose from 88.4 million in 2000 to 114 million in 2005, representing a growth rate of 29% over the review period. Cakes and Cake B ars UK June 2006The UK ambient cake market comprises three main segments whole cakes, occasion cakes and individual cakes. Sales increased by 11% from 2001 to reach a value of 1.47 billion by 2005. In order to progress, suppliers have had to develop products to deal with current eating trends that have shifted away from the role of cake as a teatime treat or celebratory indulgence. Morning Goods UK July 2007The morning goods market comprises a broad range of bread rolls and bakery snack products. Most product categories continue to advance in value despite their maturity, while some notably bagels, muffins, brioche and doughnuts have been enjoying impressive grade of growth. Overall sales of morning goods increased by 11% between 2002 and 2006, to reach 1.18 billion. This compares with a 10% rise in bread sales (excluding rolls) over the same period in a market worth 2.11 billion. Growth has picked up since 2004, with morning goods sales increasing by 7.5% between 2004 and 20 06, while sales of bread Increased by just 5.6%. Sweet Biscuits UK May 2007Sales of sweet biscuits stood at 1,462 million in 2006, having achieved 2.2% growth on the previous year against a prevailing trend of healthy eating. Over the 2002-07 periods, value growth has outstripped that of volume, signalling consumers lighter consumption habits but willingness to trade up to more expensive and voluptuous products. Greatest growth over the previous year was in healthier and special treat biscuits, both of which tend to retail at the premium end. Mintel forecasts that both value (in real terms) and volume sales of sweet biscuits will increase by around 7% at current prices over the 2007-12 month period, increasing to an estimated 1.7 billion. Non-sweet Biscuits UK October 2007Sales of non-sweet biscuits have enjoyed slightly higher rates of growth (from a smaller starting point) due to their strong health positioning and the development of snacking variants. Snacking both at home a nd on the go is a key factor behind growth in sales of non-sweet biscuits. Manufacturers have already responded to this with snack pack and mini variants, but could do more to extend the relevance of non-sweet biscuits to the convenience-led on-the-go market.The newly released March edition of Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing Industry report is the comprehensive market research guide for the industry. It has the latest information on the industrys key financial data, competitive landscape, cost and pricing, and trends during the current economic climateThe available options for the Dlys Limited are as followingExpanding the range of desserts and sweets it makes to include Viennese and Italian styles, Expanding the range of products to include ambient and frozen products, Producing healthier products to chime in with consumers ever-changing tastes and government initiatives on healthy lifestyles, Increase the number of retailers selling the Dlys range, Producing o wn label products for the supermarket chains, Expanding internationally, diversifying into other product areas such as bakery, Making products for break markets such gluten intolerants and products for unique(predicate) ethnic and religious groups who have specific dietary needs., Supplying mass-market caterers and airlines, Licensing producers to use the Dlys name on other food lines., outset Dlys retail outlets in retail centres., Taking over other businesses. Two local firms with good regional reputations which might be targets are Maggies set up Breads, an artisanal bakery, valued at around 1.5 million, and Chocolaterie de Groote a company that hand makes Belgian style chocolates that is worth around 1 million. , and selling out to a large food producing business. Jo believes she could probably get 25 million for Dlys Ltd. and get a seat on the board with a view to moving up to be in charge of a FTSE listed company. Alternatively she could just walk away with the money and f ind new businesses and ideas to develop. She also knows that Ben and Jerrys lost a isthmus of its carefully developed image as a hippy ice cream maker when it sold out to Unilever and she does not want to lose the market image she has built up for Dlys Ltd by selling out. But she knows everything has its price.ConclusionAt the end, studying about several criteria of the Dlys Limited Production, Market and the product and looking over the diversified available strategic option we could conclude the assignment. Expending the range of desserts and sweets can be the good strategic option including ambient and frozen, as U.K person are health conscious so making the product may be the effective option for Dlys Limited. As Delays Limited has no any retail outlets its open to open the retail outlets may also be profitable, supplying mass-market through caterers and airlines may me seasonal options. Dlys limited if licence producer to use Dlys name on other food may be that suitable option in a United Kingdom market as it itself developed a good image and goodwill in a market. Diversifying into other product may also help in expending the market share. And Making product for niche market such as gluten intolerants and products for specific ethnic and religion groups who have specific dietary needs may not work in United Kingdom market. When expanding into new markets credit managers need to be concerned about the new client base, specific trade laws that may apply currency considerations and political risk. The treasury department may consider working capital concerns, advance rates from their traditional credit facility and loan covenants as part of the overall strategy. Selecting which country to sell into is often dictated by the products we produce. For example, lets say Dlys Ltd. provides Cake and Pastries that are ideal for economically challenged nations. They are low cost, light weight and easily produced worldwide. Companies such as Dlys Ltd may have experti se in foreign languages, laws and customs. They need a strategic partner who brings these skills to the table.

The Paleolithic and Neolithic Stone Ages Essay -- Essays Papers

The Paleolithic and Neolithic Stone AgesThe first scholars that existed named the whole accomplishment of human devolvement the Stone Age. The stone age is separate into three periods which are Paleolithic which means the old Greek age, Mesolithic and Neolithic which is the new Greek age. The Paleolithic and Neolithic stone ages have many an(prenominal) great differences and has changed greatly between the two periods. The Paleolithic is divided into three phases which are Lower, Middle, and Upper. The upper stone age began about 42,000-37,000 years ago and has move up until the ice age ended. Their ways of forms of communication are much different of the way we communicate now. Their forms of communication is visual arts which consists of sculpture, architecture, painting and other(a) arts we just havent figured out. Animals and the women in the nude were very popular form of art in the upper phase. They also believe because of the many women figures during that period that women dominated during this time. Their forms of shelter were by living in the mouth of a cave or building a hut or tent coterminous to a protective cliff. Building these structures werent quiet easy. The huts were made of light branches or hides that accommodated about 6 people. Most of the activities were inside the fire pit, where food and tools were prepared, making clothing, quiescence and working on stone was also taking place there. Most of their art work was made of cave work and cave painting. As...